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            <name>Ratatosk</name>
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        <title>Contextualizing Yeats “Easter, 1916”</title>
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        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2018-01-10:6015928</id>
        <updated>2018-01-10T18:49:10+01:00</updated>
        <published>2018-01-10T18:49:10+01:00</published>
        <summary>       Contextualizing Yeats        “Easter, 1916”         By J. Garcia...</summary>
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          &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-5751326&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0px;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/00/2199920160.jpeg&quot; alt=&quot;WBY-E16.jpeg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1 id=&quot;cec9&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--h2 graf--leading graf--title&quot; data-align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Contextualizing Yeats&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;6f4b&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--h3 graf--startsWithDoubleQuote graf-after--h2&quot; data-align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“Easter, 1916”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;By J. Garcia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;Ex: https://medium.com&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;section class=&quot;section section--body section--first&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;section-content&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn&quot;&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;a627&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--figure&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;William Butler Yeats is one of the poets that lived through the great social and geopolitical changes of the first World War. World War I was a major turning point in history for the United Kingdom as well as the world in general. During the war, Irish separatist saw an opportunity to rebel against Britain and gain independence. The uprising, termed the Easter Rising, occurred in 1916. Yeats, at this point in his life, was a well-known writer and playwright who supported the nationalist. However, to understand Yeats’ “Easter, 1916” a poem about the uprising we need to contextualize the author and the poem. The poem centers around the author’s conflicting emotions about the uprising. It identifies the events of everyday life against the sacrifice of everyday people for a broader national goal. Ultimately the poem dabbles in the identity politics of its day. Identity politics are important to the understanding of his poem “Easter, 1916” because they play an important part in how Yeats sees himself and the world around him.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;8401&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;The research includes analyses of Yeats life and his work. The unifying thread among the different essays is the importance of “Easter, 1916” and this epoch of the writer’s life. They also relate in hashing out how his earlier experiences led to his involvement and his perspective on the historical event of the Easter Rising. In works such as Katherine Kodani and Neville F. Newman we see how his early life and experiences shaped his later poetry, including “Easter, 1916.” In Marjorie Perloff and Seongho Yoon’s works, we narrow the focus down into how Yeats goes about to establishing the events of the poem in the context of his personal feelings towards the uprising. The encyclopedic and research for the National Library of Ireland give us the necessary historical context to understand the author and the poem’s place in history.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;e91a&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-5751327&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0.2em 0px 1.4em 0.7em;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/02/3211375652.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Maude_Gonne_McBride_nd.jpg&quot; /&gt;At an early age Yeats became involved in mysticism which would prove controversial his whole life. Kodani explains, “The early poetry of William Butler Yeats was very much bound up with the forces and interests of his early years. Many of these influences — such as that of Maud Gonne, his father, and his own mystic studies — have been elucidated by some careful scholarship.” Yeats’ writing was influenced by his study of mysticism. He joined the Theosophical Society as his immediate family’s tradition was not very religious. Later he “became interested in esoteric philosophy, and in 1890 was initiated into the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn” (Seymour-Smith). He would pursue mystical philosophy the rest of his life to a greater or lesser degree.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;3d40&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Generally speaking, scholars have divided his professional life into three distinct periods. The first period consists of his time in London from1887 to around 1896. During this period Yeats worked and lived with other poets of his time. By 1896 he moved back to Ireland and worked as a playwright. This period is referred to as his more mature professional period. This would be the second period of his career. During the second period, he also became involved with Irish Nationalist. “He became established as one of the leaders of the Irish renaissance” (Seymour-Smith). This period of his professional life ended around the year 1909.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;d60e&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;The final period of Yeats professional life starts in 1910 with his poem “The Green Helmet.” During the final stage of his career Yeats writes some of the poetry he terms occasional poems. Perloff states, “the occasional poems such as ‘Easter 1916,’ ‘A Prayer for my Daughter,’ ‘Coole Park, 1929,’ and ‘Parnell’s Funeral,’ that, rather than the more overly philosophical poems, constitute Yeats’s central achievement and are the cause o f his continuing popularity” (327). The onset of this period was a time of political turmoil in Ireland were Irish nationalist rose against the British. The National Library of Ireland explains on its website, “following the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, the Irish Republican Brotherhood decided to stage an insurrection at the next opportune moment, bearing in mind the maxim of England’s diﬃculty being Ireland’s opportunity.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;2ae3&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;The murder of James MacBride during the Easter Rising by the British was very troubling to him. This was the man who married Maude Gonne the woman Yeats had proposed marriage to in 1899. The events of the uprising clearly left a mark on Yeats as his later poetry and work would reflect. In fact, Perloff explains, “it is the interaction of public event and private experience, rather than its symbolic dimension or its political philosophy, that distinguishes a poem like “Easter 1916.” The fusion is, moreover, one that Yeats very nearly invented” (328).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-5751328&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0px;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/02/2376738508.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;ballagh-easter.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;77fe&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;As Perloff explains Yeats mixes the political with the personal. He intertwines public events with his own personal grieve. In this style, the poems reference not only his pain but also the pain of others around him.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;d5d9&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Now that we have contextualized Yeats’ life, let us enter the arena of the poem “Easter, 1916.” As we noticed Yeats considered himself Irish and was involved in Irish politics. His experienced shaped his view of the greater United Kingdom and its policies towards its subjugated areas. In Yeats’ poem “Easter, 1916” we repeatedly find the theme of identity. The poem’s first line immediately establishes otherness. It states, “I have met them at close of day” (Yeats 1). He separates his identity from the identity of the people he meets and interacts with on a daily basis. He is aware that there must be interaction and communication but he feels above it. “I have passed with a nod of the head / Or polite meaningless words” (6,7). The small-talk of acquaintances or passerby does not interest him much.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;2c36&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;The difference between them and the speaker is demarcated by the separation or removal of the place. The speaker does not place importance on the affairs of the others. Marjorie E. Howes states, “Yeats was a nationalist who longed for community but hated crowds” (66). This tongue-in-cheek compliment scratches the surface of the poetic image that “Easter, 1916” presents. The speaker acknowledges what is happening in his world and to some degree wants to be a part of it but at the same time feels he is above the people he encounters on a daily basis. He interacts with them, jokes with them, and nods at them “to please a companion” (Yeats 11). The poem establishes the general in order to establish the personal perspective of the speaker.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;632f&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;This memorable poem succeeds because it reaches the reader in an intimate way. Although, the poem was written in the midst of World War I and, in effect, is a poem about the side-effects of said war on the United Kingdom’s political system, Marjorie Perloff makes an interesting observation, “it does celebrate a particular event of a public character — in this case, a political crisis — but its tone is not that of the forum but, on the contrary, that of private meditation” (328). The poem focuses on the intimate and the personal. The observation of one speaker against the backdrop of a political rebellion. The events of the political crises fade to the background to allow the individual to share his own moral and personal growth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;04ec&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;The focus broadens after the first stanza to encompass the people in the speaker’s life. He touches upon the lives of women but mostly focuses on men and their sacrifices and the daily struggle that makes up life. He touches upon the intimate and the personal such as the arguments of marriage and the lust of days gone by, “what voice more sweet than hers / When, young and beautiful” (Yeats 21,22). He laments for the sacrifices and the loss of people he had dismissed in the first stanza. It is an interesting capitulation to the political will of the multitude. Neville F. Newman states, “the fundamental political changes represented by the Easter rebellion contain the potential for a political and moral petrification” (146, 147). Identity politics is a complex issue. By identifying and defining the otherness of people, in this case, the Irish who wanted liberty at the cost of human sacrifice, there is a clear pattern and path to follow. The poem wonders if that path is worth the undertaking and sacrifice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;87a4&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;The third stanza is the only one that does not end with the line “a terrible beauty is born” (Yeats 16, 31, 71). In this way and in others, it is different from the other stanzas in the poem. It focuses on the changing nature of the situation. It veers, fast-paced, into the moment of the confrontation. The speaker is forced into the action. Newman explains:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-5751329&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0px;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/01/2133598259.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Easter-Rising-1916-PD-9662.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;a0ee&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;The ‘living stream’ that is troubled by the stone clearly is life itself. In a constant state of progression, the stream contains a force and purpose that drive without comprehension past everything it passes over, or which passes through it — unless, that is, the stream acknowledges the permanent reminder located ‘in the midst of all’ (145).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;cc16&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;The speaker is forced to partake in the events around him. The events drive the speaker’s world forcefully forward and all he can do is observe live unfolding before him.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;c7ff&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;The final stanza again focuses on the personal. It is as if the speaker understands through the force of the preceding events the sacrifice of the people around him. He begs the question, “was it needless death after all? (Yeats 57). The crises the inspired this poem shook Yeats profoundly. He lost people he had for better or worse known and associated with intimately. The struggles and the sacrifices added up. Thus Yeats’ work “is a poem of experience, a dramatic lyric in which actual persons and places from the poet’s own life and from the public life of the Ireland that he knew become constituent parts of his drama” (Perloff 334). Therefore, “a terrible beauty is born” (Yeats 71). The sacrifices are terrible and the deaths tragic, but from the events of the 1916 uprising something is accomplished. The march towards Irish independence had not come to a conclusion but, as Yeats suggests with the last poignant line, the sacrifices will be remembered.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;65bd&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--trailing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;The uprising was a public and private event for Yeats. “Easter, 1916” reflects this duality. “At the heart of “Easter 1916” are the mixed feelings of respect and annoyance, grief and horror. Whereas it was hard for Yeats to deny the deep impact of the rising on his outlook, he could not help feeling perturbed by both the outbreak and aftermath of the Rising” (Yoon). From this conflict arises crises of identity politics throughout the poem. The public and personal impress upon each other and Yeats demonstrates how he cannot extricate himself from the events that are affecting his loved ones, friends, and acquaintances. The overarching themes of the poem are the normalcy of life under the British system and the price of change. The death and sacrifice that can bring about the end to the perceived injustice from British control is a heavy one. The author seems to be weighing the costs of the sacrifices and ultimately glorifying those sacrifices.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section class=&quot;section section--body section--last&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;section-divider&quot;&gt;&lt;hr class=&quot;section-divider&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;section-content&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn&quot;&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;f424&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf--leading&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Works Cited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;453a&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;“1916 Exhibition: The Preparations for the Rising.” &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;National Library of Ireland — 1916 Exhibition&lt;/em&gt;. 2016. Web. 19 July 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;c678&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Howes, Marjorie Elizabeth. &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;Yeats’s Nations&amp;nbsp;: Gender, Class, And Irishness&lt;/em&gt;. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.&lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;eBook Collection (EBSCOhost)&lt;/em&gt;. Web. 19 July 2016Perloff, Marjorie. “Yeats and The Occasional Poem: ‘Easter 1916’.” &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;Papers On Language &amp;amp; Literature&lt;/em&gt; 3–4 (2014): &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;Literature Resource Center&lt;/em&gt;. Web. 19 July 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;1c88&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Newman, Neville F. “Yeats’s Easter 1916.” &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;The Explicator&lt;/em&gt; 3 (2002): 145. &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;Literature Resource Center&lt;/em&gt;. Web. 19 July 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;c565&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Perloff, Marjorie. “Yeats And The Occasional Poem: ‘Easter 1916’.” &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;Papers On Language &amp;amp; Literature&lt;/em&gt; 3–4 (2014): &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;Literature Resource Center&lt;/em&gt;. Web. 1 Aug. 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;4941&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Yeats, William Butler. “Easter, 1916.” &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;Poetry Foundation&lt;/em&gt;. Poetry Foundation. Web. 19 July 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;8944&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote graf-after--p&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;“Yeats, William Butler.” &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;World Authors 1900–1950&lt;/em&gt; (1996): &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;Biography Reference Bank (H.W. Wilson)&lt;/em&gt;. Ed. Seymour-Smith, Andrew C. Kimmens. Web. 19 July 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;ec88&quot; class=&quot;graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--trailing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Yoon, Seongho. “’Of What Is Past, Or Passing, Or To Come’: Engaging Yeatsian Temporality In ‘Easter 1916’.” &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;Forum For World Literature Studies&lt;/em&gt; 3 (2015): 461. &lt;em class=&quot;markup--em markup--p-em&quot;&gt;Literature Resource Center&lt;/em&gt;. Web. 1 Aug. 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/
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        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
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        <title>Die irische Rebellion</title>
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        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2016-05-03:5795973</id>
        <updated>2016-05-03T00:05:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2016-05-03T00:05:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>      Die irische Rebellion       by  Young German           Ex:...</summary>
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          &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-5360008&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0px;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/02/3045642355.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;IrrebtiMain Parade 104.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1 id=&quot;post-title&quot; class=&quot;entry-title post-1870 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-geschichte category-gesellschaft category-kultur tag-england tag-europa tag-irland tag-konflikt tag-krieg&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; font-family: arial black,sans-serif; color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Die irische Rebellion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; font-family: arial black,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;by &lt;a style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot; title=&quot;Beiträge von Young German&quot; href=&quot;http://younggerman.de/index.php/author/young-german/&quot; rel=&quot;author&quot;&gt;Young German&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;Ex: http://younggerman.de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;article&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;800 Jahre Fremdherrschaft&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Irische Butter und Kleeblätter – dazu ein paar Kobolde in Goldtöpfchen und ein seit einer halben Ewigkeit anhaltender Kleinkrieg auf Sparflamme. Der Nordirlandkonflikt mag Angesichts der dringenderen Probleme an den Grenzen der EU aus den Medien verschwunden sein. Aber er hat relativ wenig an Aktualität verloren. Irland ist nicht mehr das „Backwater country“ von früher, wo englische Lords über die Massen an Leibeigenen und verarmten Kleinbürgern herrschen konnten. Die &lt;span lang=&quot;ga&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Éire&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; hat ihre Unabhängigkeit zumindest teilweise zurückgewonnen und dennoch schwelt unterschwellig der Konflikt zwischen Iren und Briten weiter. Viele Stimmen in der irischen Bevölkerung und in der britischen sind durchaus der Meinung, dass man endlich das Kriegsbeil begraben und die Vergangenheit ruhen lassen sollte. Aber ganz so einfach ist es dann doch nicht, wenn man zurückblickt und sieht, dass der Groll der Iren tief sitzt. Für die Briten waren die letzten 800 Jahre ihrer Geschichte eine Abfolge von Siegen und großen Errungenschaften. Über die britischen Könige des Mittelalters, der englischen Vormachtsstellung in Europa und später durch das Empire auf dem ganzen Globus, bis zu den Siegen in den Weltkriegen. Industrielle Revolution, Bürgerrechte und Liberalismus machten aus Britannia die prägende Nation von weltgeltung, die Irland niemals war und wohl niemals sein wird. Iren und Briten haben ein ganz unterschiedliches historisches Gedächtnis. Im Jahr 1169 wird ein weiterer Schritt für die Dominanz Britanniens in den Geschichtsbüchern gesetzt, als die Normannen die irische Insel erobern und die einheimischen Bewohner in die vergleichsweise öden Teile ihres eigenen Landes verbannen. Es beginnt eine brutale Eroberungskampagne, wie damals überall so üblich, welche die katholischen Iren zu unfreiwilligen Untertanen des aufsteigenden englischen Machtzentrums macht. Man fühlt sich automatisch an den alten griechischen Melierdialog erinnert, in welchem die militärisch stärkeren Athener den Meliern folgendes an den Kopf warfen :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99cc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;„the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must“&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Die englische Insel war der irischen Insel militärisch überlegen und die Konsequenz dieser Überlegenheit war die totale Unterwerfung unter die Herrschaft der Engländer, die bei aller Gerechtigkeit nicht sonderlich besonnen oder feinfühlig mit ihren irischen Nachbarn umgingen. Dies mag jedoch der Moral der Zeit geschuldet sein, welche in den unteren Schichten der Gesellschaft (und dazu gehörten faktisch fast alle Iren) keine sonderlich wichtigen oder schützenswerten Elemente sah. Die Geschichte der Iren ist in den nächsten 400 Jahren eine Abfolge von Repression und Revolution gegen die neuen Herrscher; ein beständiges Aufbegehren gegen die besitzenden Eliten und ihre Militärmacht. Rückständige Clans der irischen Einwohner waren jedoch keine ernstzunehmende Bedrohung für die erstarkende Macht an der Themse. Es ist für die Iren bedauerlicherweise so, dass selbst bei erfolgreichen Revolten im Innern der irischen Insel, mit Regress von Osten zu rechnen war.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-5360013&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0px;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/01/02/3393453266.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;IRreb1.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Oliver Cromwell nahm einen solchen Regress an den Iren in seiner berüchtigten Strafexpedition im 17. Jahrhundert. Für die Briten ist Cromwell ein elementarer Teil ihrer durchaus ruhmreichen Geschichte. Für die Iren ist er der Dschingis Khan der grünen Insel, der brutalste Verbrechen an der Bevölkerung dort begang und die Insel nach einer kurzen Revolte dort wieder unter die Herrschaft der Krone brachte. Die an den Iren verübten Gräuel sind für die Zeit relativ dokumentiert und erinnern an die deutschen Ereignisse im Dreißigjährigenkrieg, wo ähnliche Verbrechen an der leidenden Zivilbevölkerung begangen wurden. Überhaupt erinnert Irland an eine Art übergroßes Brandenburg, dass mit ländlicher Rückständigkeit und bäuerlichem Charme besticht. Eben Brandenburg ohne ein Preußen und daher ohne Glanz und Macht. Irland gehörte auch zu jenen Ländern, die ähnlich wie Brandenburg von der Kartoffel profitieren sollten. Für eine Zeit lang zumindest, bis die Kartoffelfäule 1846 bis 1849 in der Großen Hungersnot gut bis zu 2 Millionen Iren dahinraffte. Und obwohl es sehr besorgte Stimmen im Königreich Großbritannien gab, welche sich für das Leid der hungernden Iren stark machten, geschah von Seiten der Regierung nichts. Tatsächlich hatte sie die Fäule durch die repressive Agrarpolitik mitverursacht und es gab sogar solche Individuen wie &lt;em&gt;Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan, &lt;/em&gt;welche in den Iren minderwertige Subjekte sahen. Für ihn war die Fäule und die Hungersnot eine gerechte Strafe Gottes und der Tod von Millionen Iren wurde von ihm sogar begrüßt. Das ist insofern wichtig, da er als Administrator Einfluss auf die britischen Politik ausübte und verhindern konnte, dass Nothilfe die Iren erreichte. Der psyschologische Effekt, wenn ein Viertel der Bevölkerung stirbt, ist dramatisch und sollte den Deutschen sehr wohl bekannt sein. Wir haben im Dreißigjährigen Krieg und vorher mit der Beulenpest ähnliche Gräuel durchgestanden. Für die Iren ist es das prägenste und bis heute wichtigste Ereignis der jüngeren irischen Geschichte. Ähnlich dem Völkermord an den Armeniern von der Dimension. Für viele Iren besteht kein Zweifel, dass die Briten einen Genozid begangen haben. Zustimmung erhalten die irischen Positionen hier vor allem aus Indien, wo während und zwischen den Weltkriegen ähnliche Hungersnöte innerhalb der indischen Bevölkerung zu Millionen Toten geführt haben. Auch hier waren die Briten indirekt oder direkt verantwortlich. Eine Fußnote in der Geschichte des Empires, die weniger ruhmreich ist und von vielen lieber verdrängt wird.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nordirland ist der letzte Brückenkopf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Nun geht es aber um den Konflikt im „Heute“ und man sollte sich gut vorstellen können, warum vielen Iren es sehr schwer fällt, die Vergangenheit zu begraben und einfach „Frieden“ zu haben. Nicht nur wäre dies ein Bruch mit dem seit 800 Jahren andauernden Widerstand gegen die Briten, sondern es gibt einen omnipräsenten Grund in der Jetztzeit. Nämlich Nordirland. Das Stück fruchtbare Land im Nordosten, welches von der Krone nicht zurückgegeben wurde bei Gründung des unabhängigen Irlands. Es ist die letzte Erinnerung an die englischen-protestantischen Kolonialherren, die dort auch heute noch leben. Unionisten, welche lieber beim Königreich verbleiben würden und sich großteils nicht als Iren sehen, wenngleich sie ihr Protektorat mit vielen katholischen Iren teilen müssen. Wenn die Geschichte anders verlaufen und die Iren die dominante Insel gewesen wären und heute einen Teil Englands halten würden, wäre es wohl genau anders herum und die Iren wären die fremdländischen Besatzer. Aber so ist es nicht und die Iren sind die Schwachen in diesem Konflikt. Nordirland exisitiert als beständige Präsenz des für die Iren grausamen Empires und es vereint gleich drei Probleme in einem Land.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Erstens: Die verschiedenen Identitäten; katholisch Irisch oder britisch-protestantisch – für Nordirland ist dieser ethnisch-religiöse Konflikt von immenser Bedeutung, gewinnt er doch durch einen gewissen Klassenkonflikt noch an Intensität.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Zweitens: Nordirland ist ein Teil des Vereinigten Königreiches und gehört zur Krone. Für die Iren ist jedoch die gesamte irische Insel ihre Heimat und sie erheben Anspruch auf den Besitz der ganzen Insel. Dies ist für Irland von brisanter Bedeutung, da Großbritannien die Souveränität der Iren dadurch unterwandert. Eine starke militärische Präsenz durch Briten während des Kalten Krieges brachte auch die Iren in ein gewisses Dilemma, da ihre Insel selbstverständlich zum Ziel wurde für nukleare Schläge im einem Schlagaustausch zwischen UDSSR und USA. Vor allem deshalb, weil die Iren sich sonst verhältnismäßig neutral halten.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Drittens: Ökonomische Ungleichheit zwischen Iren und Briten – obwohl die Verhältnisse längst nicht so dramatisch sind wie noch vor einigen Jahrzehnten, gibt es doch eine Diskrepanz zwischen Briten und Iren was ihren Wohlstand angeht. Für die besitzenden Klassen aus Großbritannien und viele alteingesessene Adlige, besteht ein Interesse am Erhalt von Nordirland da sich dort ihr Besitz befindet. Viele Iren sehen in den wohlhabenden Unionisten jedoch eine Fortführung britischer Elitentradition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-5360014&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0px;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/02/252839073.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Irreb2.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Es ging immer gegen London&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Es ist jener letzter ökonomischer Faktor, welcher die irischen Revolutionäre auch immer wieder in die offenen Arme sozialistischer Ideologien trieb. Katholischer Kommunismus der Iren, gepaart mit einem Nationalismus und einer antiimperialistischen Färbung, streckte oft die Hände aus. Manchmal nach Moskau und manchmal nach Berlin. In beiden Weltkriegen suchten irische Nationalisten/Revolutionäre Hilfe im Ausland – egal wo. Hauptsache es ging gegen die Briten. So halfen deutsche Agenten irischen Nationalisten im Ersten Weltkrieg und auch von Seiten des aufbegehrenden Sozialismus bekamen die Iren immer wieder Hilfe. Bis heute. Es passt auch zur proletarischen Natur und Geschichte der Inselbewohner, die sich nicht als Eliten verstanden haben und auch keine waren. Eine Kritik die man wohl an den Aufständischen äußern muss, ist ihr unkritisches Verhalten gegenüber vermeintlichen Verbündeten im Kampf gegen Großbritannien. Solange der neue Allierte sich ebenfalls im Kampf gegen die Briten betätigt, wird über seine Fehler hinweg geschaut. „Der Feind meines Feind ist mein Freund“. Der Aufstand der Iren ist die Revolte der Schwachen und Kleinen und das war er schon immer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Die Iren haben in diesem Konflikt ihr Land verloren, ihre ursprüngliche Sprache (das Englische wurde ihnen aufgezwungen) und sie haben Millionen ihrer Angehörigen verloren. Es ist vielleicht die Verzweiflung, welche sie in düsteren Gefilden nach Allianzen suchen lässt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;Ein Spaziergang durch die Straßen Nordirlands erinnert an arabische Städte, wo die Graffities von Märtyrern mit Sturmgewehren an jeder zweiten Hauswand kleben. Wenn die Iren jedoch glauben, in den Palästinsern oder generell in arabisch-islamischen Terroristen Freunde zu haben, weil diese ebenfalls gegen Großbritannien kämpfen, dann irren sie sich. Zwischen Belfast und Beirut liegen eben doch – Welten.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Conférence: Patrick Pearse et le nationalisme irlandais</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2016/03/28/conference-patrick-pearse-et-le-nationalisme-irlandais-5769541.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2016-03-28:5769541</id>
        <updated>2016-03-28T00:05:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2016-03-28T00:05:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>   </summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
          &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-5311388&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/00/2195004153.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;IrlandaPL82929330.jpg&quot; width=&quot;523&quot; height=&quot;716&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Waren de Beatles Ierse nationalisten?</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2014/05/13/waren-de-beatles-ierse-nationalisten-5368422.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2014-05-16:5368422</id>
        <updated>2014-05-16T00:05:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2014-05-16T00:05:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>             Waren de Beatles Ierse nationalisten?     &amp;nbsp;      Francis...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
          &lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_2127&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_2126&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_2125&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_2124&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_2123&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_2122&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_2121&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-4555672&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/00/1693082173.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;beatles.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde; font-size: xx-large; color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4548&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Waren de Beatles Ierse nationalisten?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Francis Van den Eynde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Ex: Deltapers - Nieuwsbrief - Nr. 83 - Mei 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_2133&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_2134&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Je hoeft geen fan van de popmuziek te zijn en ook niet zelf de beruchte ‘sixties’ meegemaakt te hebben om te weten dat de wispelturige en incidentrijke muziekgeschiedenis van de Beatles grosso modo in drie periodes kan worden opgedeeld.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Tijdens de eerste, die ongeveer duurde van 1960 tot 1965, werden ze formidabel populair op wereldniveau met het coveren van bekende Amerikaanse rock and roll en al even Amerikaanse rhythm and blues nummers: I Got a Woman van Ray Charles, That’s all Right Mama van Elvis Presley, Roll over Beethoven van Chuck Berry, enz. De eigen muziek die ze tijdens die jaren uitbrengen, is hierop volledig geïnspireerd: I Want to hold your Hand, I Saw Her Standing There … Vanaf 1965 wagen ze zich verder en beginnen ze te experimenteren. Eerst vrij schuchter, voor het nummer Norvegian Wood schakelen ze bijvoorbeeld een sitar in en het overbekende Yesterday laten ze door een strijkorkest begeleiden. Van af dan zullen ze op veel radicalere wijze het ingeslagen pad blijven volgen. In die mate dat wanneer ze in 1967 de LP Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band op de markt brengen, deze door de recensent van de oerdeftige Britse Times een mijlpaal in de popgeschiedenis wordt genoemd. Het zijn de jaren van Let it Be, Hey Jude, Penny Lane, Strawberry Fields for Ever, Eleanor Rugby (deze opsomming is niet chronologisch) en zo vele andere. Ze hebben op dat ogenblik met hun meer gesofisticeerde muziek definitief de Merseybeat (genoemd naar de rivier Mersey, die door hun geboortestad Liverpool stroomt) ver achter zich gelaten. Ook de teksten die ze zingen hebben een hele verandering ondergaan. Misschien spreken ze u niet aan, geachte lezer, maar u zult moeten toegeven dat de inhoud van pakweg Let it Be of Eleanor Rugby heel wat meer diepte heeft dan die van She Loves You of die van A Hard Day’s Night. Ze durven zich zelf aan politiek wagen. Ze hebben uiteraard een links pacifistische reputatie, maar dit weerhoudt er hen niet van, in het nummer Revolution de draak met Mei 68 te steken. Oordeel zelf:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4554&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4553&quot;&gt;You say you'll change the constitution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4555&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Well, you know&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4556&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;We all want to change your head&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4557&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;You tell me it's the institution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4558&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Well, you know&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;You better free your mind instead&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Liever de IRA dan het Brits leger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4559&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;De derde fase van de muzikale evolutie van leden van deze popgroep wiens populariteit tot hiertoe door niemand werd geëvenaard, kan best het Post Beatle tijdperk worden genoemd. Ten gevolge van allerlei interne strubbelingen valt de ploeg in 1970 uiteen. Alhoewel ze af en toe nog eens&amp;nbsp; met een paar andere leden van de groep musiceren,&amp;nbsp; beginnen John Lennon en Paul McCartney&amp;nbsp;met succes een eigen carrière uit te bouwen. Lennon gaat solo, denk aan het lied Imagine. Je kan het met de teneur van de tekst totaal oneens zijn maar niemand kan tegenspreken dat het een prachtig stuk is. McCartney van zijn kant sticht een nieuwe groep, The Wings, en brengt onder meer het prachtige en onvergetelijke Mull of Kintyre uit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; &lt;img style=&quot;border-width: 0pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; margin: 10px; float: right;&quot; src=&quot;http://img2.ymlp241.net/5bwt_bloodysunday2_1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;250&quot; height=&quot;187&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;Ondertussen staat Noord-Ierland in rep en roer. De bewoners uit de zogenaamde katholieke wijken van dat stukje Ierland waren in 1969 een vreedzame campagne voor gelijke burgerrechten begonnen (het censitair kiesrecht was er nog altijd van toepassing). De campagne werd door de Britsgezinde protestanten met veel geweld beantwoord. In die mate zelfs dat de IRA er zich toe verplicht zag haar wapens boven te halen om een aantal wijken tegen ware pogroms te beschermen. De Britse troepen die de politie te hulp kwamen, gingen zich algauw als een brutaal bezettingsleger gedragen. De situatie werd met de dag erger. Op 13 augustus 1971 gingen de Engelsen over tot de arrestatie van honderden Ieren die allemaal zonder vorm van proces voor onbepaalde tijd in het pas gebouwde concentratiekamp van Long Kesh werden opgesloten. Het trieste hoogtepunt werd bereikt op 30 januari 1972 (Bloody Sunday) toen Britse soldaten In Derry (op dat moment nog Londonderry) 13 burgers die aan een vreedzame manifestatie deelnamen, doodschoten. Dit alles liet John noch Paul onberoerd. Ze kwamen immers uit Liverpool, een stad die ten gevolge van de massale immigratie in de negentiende eeuw qua bevolking eerder Iers dan Brits is. Beiden zijn ze trouwens van Ierse afkomst: Lennon is de verengelste vorm van de Ierse familienaam O Lionnain die veel voorkomt in het Noord-Ierse graafschap Fermanagh en de ongehuwde moeder van Paul droeg de typisch Ierse naam Mary Mohin McCartney. Beiden zullen dan ook fel reageren. McCartney schrijft het lied Give Ireland Back to the Irish, dat hij met de Wings op plaat uitbrengt. Het refrein luidt:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4563&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Give Ireland Back To the Irish&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4562&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4561&quot;&gt;Don't Make Them Have To Take It Away&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4560&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Give Ireland Back To the Irish&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Make Ireland Irish Today&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4564&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Lennon reageert nog feller met twee liederen die volledig in de Ierse rebelsongtraditie thuis horen, The Luck of the Irish en Sunday Bloody Sunday, dezelfde titel als het gekende nummer van Bono en U2, maar veel harder qua tekst. We kunnen er dan ook niet aan weerstaan, het u in extenso te laten lezen:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4567&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4566&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sunday Bloody Sunday (Lennon-Ono)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Well it was Sunday bloody Sunday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;When they shot the people there&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;The cries of thirteen martyrs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Filled the Free Derry air&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Is there any one amongst you&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Dare to blame it on the kids?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Not a soldier boy was bleeding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4568&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;When they nailed the coffin lids!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Sunday bloody Sunday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Bloody Sunday's the day!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; You claim to be majority&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Well you know that it's a lie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;You're really a minority&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;On this sweet emerald isle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4569&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;When Stormont bans our marches&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; They've got a lot to learn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4570&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Internment is no answer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4571&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;It's those mothers' turn to burn!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Sunday bloody Sunday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Bloody Sunday's the day!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Sunday bloody Sunday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Bloody Sunday's the day!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; You anglo pigs and Scotties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4572&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Sent to colonize the North&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;You wave your bloody Union Jack&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;And you know what it's worth!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;How dare you hold to ransom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;A people proud and free&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Keep Ireland for the Irish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Put the English back to sea!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Sunday bloody Sunday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4573&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Bloody Sunday's the day!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Well, it's always bloody Sunday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;In the concentration camps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Keep Falls Road free forever&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;From the bloody English hands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Repatriate to Britain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4581&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;All of you who call it home&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Leave Ireland to the Irish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4580&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Not for London or for Rome!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Sunday bloody Sunday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4574&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Bloody Sunday's the day!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; &lt;a style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; color: #7d7d7d;&quot; href=&quot;http://t.ymlp241.net/qjqacaujwehaaaejbaaausqy/click.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;(bekijk en beluister op youtube)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4579&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;yui_3_16_0_1_1399967444997_4578&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Een toemaatje: zowel Lennon als McCartney werden meer dan eens in pro Ierse demonstaties opgemerkt en Lennon die ooit verklaarde dat hij de IRA boven het Britse leger verkoos, werd er door de FBI van verdacht het Iers geheim leger te financieren. Meent u ook niet dat de vraag die als titel voor d
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Zed</name>
            <uri>http://metapoinfos.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Mort pour l'Irlande !...</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://metapoinfos.hautetfort.com/archive/2011/10/11/mort-pour-l-irlande.html" />
        <id>tag:metapoinfos.hautetfort.com,2011-10-15:3818828</id>
        <updated>2011-10-15T16:33:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2011-10-15T16:33:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>  Les éditions Gallimard viennent de publier   Le rêve du Celte  , le dernier...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://metapoinfos.hautetfort.com/">
          &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Les éditions Gallimard viennent de publier&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; Le rêve du Celte&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, le dernier roman de &lt;strong&gt; Mario Vargas Llosa&lt;/strong&gt;, prix Nobel de littérature 2010, qui est consacré à &lt;strong&gt;Sir Roger Casement&lt;/strong&gt;, ancien diplomate britannique devenu célèbre pour son combat contre le colonialisme et sa&amp;nbsp; conversion à la cause du nationalisme irlandais. Arrêté quelques jours avant le déclenchement du soulèvement de Pâques 1916, alors qu'il avait établi des contacts avec le gouvernement allemand, il a été condamné à mort pour haute trahison et pendu le 3 août&amp;nbsp;de la même année&amp;nbsp;à la prison de Pentonville, à Londres.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-3239511&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0pt;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://metapoinfos.hautetfort.com/media/02/01/13420097.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Rêve du celte.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&quot;Le thème central de ce roman, conduit au rythme haletant des expéditions et des rencontres du protagoniste, est la dénonciation de la monstrueuse exploitation de l’homme par l’homme dans les forêts du Congo, alors propriété privée du roi Léopold II de Belgique, et dans l’Amazonie péruvienne, chasse gardée des comptoirs britanniques jusqu’au début du XXe siècle. Personnage controversé, intransigeant, peu commode, auteur d’un célèbre rapport sur l’Afrique qui porte son nom, l’aventurier et révolutionnaire irlandais Roger Casement (1864-1916) découvre au fil de ses voyages l’injustice sociale mais également les méfaits du colonialisme qu’il saura voir aussi dans son propre pays. Au rêve d’un monde sans colonies qui guidera son combat, viendra ainsi s’ajouter, comme son prolongement nécessaire, celui d’une Irlande indépendante. Tous les deux vont marquer la trajectoire de cet homme intègre et passionné dont l’action humanitaire deviendra vite une référence incontournable mais dont l’action politique le conduira à mourir tragiquement dans la disgrâce et l’oubli.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>The Wolfe Tones - Come Out Ye Black and Tans - Michael Collins - James Connolly</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2011/01/21/the-wolfe-tones-come-out-ye-black-and-tans-michael-collins-j.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2011-02-01:3075105</id>
        <updated>2011-02-01T00:05:00+01:00</updated>
        <published>2011-02-01T00:05:00+01:00</published>
        <summary>  The Wolfe Tones    Come Out Ye Black and Tans          Michael Collins...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
          &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;The Wolfe Tones&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;Come Out Ye Black and Tans&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe type=&quot;text/html&quot; height=&quot;390&quot; width=&quot;480&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/ORifieiZiP4&quot; title=&quot;YouTube video player&quot; class=&quot;youtube-player&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;Michael Collins&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe type=&quot;text/html&quot; height=&quot;390&quot; width=&quot;480&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/oA5a3woqKQ8&quot; title=&quot;YouTube video player&quot; class=&quot;youtube-player&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;James Connolly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large; color: #ff6600; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe type=&quot;text/html&quot; height=&quot;390&quot; width=&quot;480&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/iYH5h-5Dz40&quot; title=&quot;YouTube video player&quot; class=&quot;youtube-player&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>William Butler Yeats: A Poet for the West</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2010/09/14/william-butler-yeats-a-poet-for-the-west.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2010-09-17:2899114</id>
        <updated>2010-09-17T00:10:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2010-09-17T00:10:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>    William Butler Yeats:     A Poet for the West        Vic OLVIR        Ex:...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
          &lt;h1 class=&quot;entry-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;William Butler Yeats: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;A Poet for the West&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1 class=&quot;entry-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Vic OLVIR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;entry-meta&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Ex: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.counter-currents.com/&quot;&gt;http://www.counter-currents.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;entry-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-2645664&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0.2em 0 1.4em 0.7em;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/01/02/1233318655.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;william_butler_yeat_by_george_charles_beresford4.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;In saner times our great poets, writers, and philosophers expressed the feelings and ideas which came naturally from the race-soul. In these times those feelings and ideas are too “controversial” to be expressed freely, so where they cannot be suppressed outright, they are reinterpreted, obscured, and selectively anthologized by the alien arbiters of our culture. For no poet of our race has this been more true than for William Butler Yeats.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;William Butler Yeats was probably the greatest poet of the modern age; T. S. Eliot acknowledged as much. His roots were deep in Ireland, but, withal, he embodied the questing spirit of the whole of Western culture.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;It is impossible without writing a volume (or two) to render even a partial appreciation of his many-faceted life and work. He was born into the Irish Protestant tradition, of that line which included Swift, Burke, Grattan, Parnell. He was poet, playwright, guiding spirit of the famed Abbey Theatre, essayist, philoso­pher, statesman, mystic. But, as he once wrote, “The intellect of man is forced to choose&lt;em&gt; “&lt;/em&gt;Perfection of the life, or of the work” [&quot;The Choice&quot;], and it is primarily in his poetry that most people seek an understanding of his genius.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Some of his views confounded the mediocre, left-wing poets and intellectuals who sought him out in his later years. Unable, of course, to ignore him, they attempted to appropriate him as their own, much as Walter Kaufmann, a Jew, attempted to do with Friedrich Nietzsche some years later. Thus, many writings about Yeats totally ignore his more “controver­sial” ideas, or at best refer to them only obliquely.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;For example, Yeats believed in reincarnation, not only in a poet’s way, as a dramatic symbol. but quite literally: the individual human spirit remained a part of the collective race-soul even after the body died, and as long as the race endured the individual spirit might re-emerge later in another body. In an early poem, written when he was about 24, we have:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;“Ah, do not mourn,” he said,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;‘That we are tired, for other loves await us;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Hate on and love through unrepining hours.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Before us lies eternity; our souls&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Are love, and a continual farewell.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;– “Ephemera”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And just a few months before his death in 1939 at age 73, with matured powers of creative expression:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Many times man lives and dies Between his two eternities,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;That of race and that of soul,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And ancient Ireland knew it all.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Whether man die in his bed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Or the rifle knock him dead,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;A brief parting from those dear&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Is the worst man has to fear.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Though grave-diggers’ toil is long,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Sharp their spades, their muscles strong,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;They but thrust their buried men&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Back in the human mind again.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 150px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;– “Under Ben Bulben”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Modern liberalism and democracy were anathema to Yeats’s aristocratic spirit. He was a good friend of Ezra Pound. He was associated for a time with the Irish Blueshirts, led by General O’Duffy, and he wrote some marching songs for them. He spoke of “Mussolini’s incomparable &lt;em&gt;Fascisti&lt;/em&gt;” (although being the kind of man he was he recoiled somewhat from the demagogic elements of fascist movements).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;He read widely and avidly on race, eugenics, Italian Fascism, and German National Socialism. On eugenics, according to his biographer, Yeats “spoke much of the necessity of the unification of the State under a small aristocratic order which would prevent the materially and spiritually uncreative families and individuals from prevailing over the creative.”[1] Eugenics, to Yeats, had both physical and spiritual aspects, It is touched upon in some of the poems. In “Under Ben Bulben” he wrote:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Poet and sculptor, do the work&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Nor let the modish painter shirk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;What his great forefathers did,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Bring the soul of man to God,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Make him fill the cradles right.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Irish poets, learn your trade,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Sing whatever is well made&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Scorn the sort now growing up&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;All out of shape from toe to top,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Their unremembering hearts and heads&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Base-born products of base beds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;A much earlier poem reads:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;All things uncomely and broken, all things worn out and old,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The cry of a child by the roadway, the creak of a lumbering cart,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The heavy steps of the ploughman, splashing the wintry mould,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Are wronging your image that blossoms a rose in the deeps of my heart.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The wrong of unshapely things is a wrong too great to be told;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;I hunger to build them anew and sit on a green knoll apart,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;With the earth and the sky and the water, re-made, like a casket of gold.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;For my dreams of your image that blossoms a rose in the deeps of my heart.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;– “The Lover Tells of the Rose in His Heart”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Yeats did not write for scholars, but for the people, and schoolchildren throughout the English-speaking world are familiar with at least a few of his works–or, perhaps, just a line or a phrase from them. Many youngsters have recited in school this verse by the young Yeats:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Down by the salley gardens my love and I did meet;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;She passed the salley gardens with little snow-white feet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;She bid me take love easy, as the leaves grow on the tree;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;But I, being young and foolish, with her would not agree.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;– “Down by the Salley Gardens”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Another favorite is ”The Lake Isle of Innisfree.” During his many tours of the United States, every American audience insisted he recite it for them:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattle made:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And live alone in the bee-loud glade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Nearly as familiar is the stark vision of “The Second Coming”:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Turning and turning in the widening gyre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The falcon cannot hear the falconer;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The ceremony of innocence is drowned;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The best lack all conviction, while the worst&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Are full of passionate intensity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Surely some revelation is at hand;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Surely the Second Coming is at hand.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;When a vast image out of &lt;em&gt;Spiritus Mundi &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Troubles my sight: somewhere in the sands of the desert&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;A shape with lion body and the head of a man,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The darkness drops again; but now I know&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;That twenty centuries of stony sleep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Slouches toward Bethlehem to be born?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;People with a liberal mind set have often quoted this last poem, but some do so with a certain amount of unease, and rightly. Accepting historical necessity, Yeats is not, as the American Jewish critic Harold Bloom pointed out, necessarily averse to this “rough beast.”[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Thus, liberal critics are never completely comfortable in the company of Yeats. In “Under Ben Bulben,” one of Yeats’s last poems and a general summary of his ideas, he writes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;You that Mitchel’s prayer have heard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;“Send war in our time, O Lord!”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Know that when all words are said&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And a man is fighting mad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Something drops from eyes long blind,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;He completes his partial mind,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;For an instant stands at ease,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Laughs aloud, his heart at peace.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Even the wisest man grows tense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;With some sort of violence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Before he can accomplish fate,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Know his work or choose his mate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Bloom charged that Yeats “abused the Romantic tradition” in these lines. But Yeats would have shown Bloom the contempt he deserves; in one of Yeats’s letters we can read: “I am full of life and not too disturbed by the enemies I must make. This is the proposition on which I write: There is now overwhelming evidence that man stands between eternities, that of his family and that of his soul. I apply those beliefs to literature and politics and show the change they must make. . . . My belief must go into what I write, even if I estrange friends; some when they see my meaning set out in plain print will hate me for poems which they have thought meant nothing.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Earlier Yeats had written of war, politics, and pleasant but self-defeating illusions. In “Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen” he surveyed both the halcyon pre-World War I years and the grim aftermath of war, civil war, and revolution:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;We too had many pretty toys when young:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;A law indifferent to blame or praise,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;To bribe or threat; habits that made old wrong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Melt down, as it were wax in the sun’s rays;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Public opinion ripening for so long&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;We thought it would outlive all future days.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;O what fine thoughts we had because we thought&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;That the worst rogues and rascals had died out. . . .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Now days are dragon-ridden, the nightmare&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Rides upon sleep: a drunken soldiery&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Can leave the mother, murdered at her door,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;To crawl in her own blood, and go scot-free;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The night can sweat with terror as before&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;We pieced our thoughts into philosophy,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And planned to bring the world under a rule,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Who are but weasels fighting in a hole.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Yeats himself did not take an active part in the Irish civil war, and he may have felt a certain uneasiness about the physical side of the struggle:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;An affable Irregular,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;A heavily-built Falstaffian man,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Comes cracking jokes of civil war&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;As though to die by gunshot were&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The finest play under the sun.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;– “Meditations in Time of Civil War”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Yeats, it is true, spent much time contemplating and expressing himself on the great problems of the age and of the individual living in this age, but he never strayed far from whimsy. As typical of his poetry as anything he wrote is the neatly lyrical “To Anne Gregory,” addressed to the granddaughter of his friend and fellow playwright Lady Augusta Gregory:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;“Never shall a young man,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Thrown into despair&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;By those great honey-colored&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Ramparts at your ear,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Love you for yourself alone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And not your yellow hair:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;“But I can get a hair-dye&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And set such color there,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Brown, or black, or carrot,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;That young men in despair&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;May love me for myself alone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And not my yellow hair.’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;“I heard an old religious man&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;But yestemight declare&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;That he had found a text to prove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;That only God, my dear,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Could love you for yourself alone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And not your yellow hair.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;I know of no English or American poet writing today who can approach even remotely Yeats’s lyrical power or his poetic shaping of strong and startling ideas. Most of today’s poets are professors of English or fine arts who grind out pedestrian or pretentious drivel, presumably for prestige within the academic commu­nity. And it is hardly conceivable that there are any campus publications, literary or otherwise, that would publish all of Yeats’s material were he writing today. What, for instance, would they do with these lines from “John Kinsella’s Lament For Mrs. Mary Moore”?:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Though stiff to strike a bargain,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Like an old Jew man,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Her bargain struck we laughed and talked&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And emptied many a can . . . .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Perhaps Yeats was the culmination of that great, surging Romantic wave, now in recession.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Though the great song return no more&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;There’s keen delight in what we have:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The rattle of pebbles on the shore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Under the receding wave.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;– “The Nineteenth Century and After”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Perhaps. And perhaps a revitalized and resurgent West can at least produce poets in the great tradition, who refuse to wallow in mud and make a career of destroying our language.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Sing the peasantry, and then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Hard-riding country gentlemen,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;The holiness of monks, and after&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Porter-drinkers randy laughter;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Sing the lords and ladies gay&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;That were beaten into the clay&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Through seven heroic centuries;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Cast your mind on other days&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;That we in coming days may be&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Still the indomitable Irishry.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;– “Under Ben Bulben”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;These lines also proved upsetting to Bloom, and understandably. Yeats here issues a clear tribal call for cultural unity by appealing to racial instinct and historical experience: blood and soil. A Jewish critic, who had never shared in the experience, but rather was steeped in another totally alien, and thus had no real comprehension of the soul-state from which the poet spoke, would, as a matter of course, feel hostile to such verse. Too bad for Bloom and his fellows that Yeats’s reputation is already established; they have now little other to do but to wring their hands and rend their garments in their studies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;William Butler Yeats: rooted in Ireland, a seeker in the Western tradition, a giant of our race and culture; like Nietzsche, a “conqueror of Time”; and, perchance, one of the heralds of the times to come:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;O silver trumpets, be you lifted up&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;And cry to the great race that is to come.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Long-throated swans upon the waves of time,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Sing loudly, for beyond the wall of the world&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;That race may hear our music and awake.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 180px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;– “The King’s Threshold”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;Notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;[1] Joseph M. Hone, &lt;em&gt;W. B&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Yeats&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;, 1865–1939&lt;/em&gt; (1943).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;[2] Harold Bloom, &lt;em&gt;Yeats &lt;/em&gt;(1972).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;!-- AddThis Button BEGIN --&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; color: #c0c0c0; font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
        </content>
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        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Une vie pour l'Irlande: Patrick Pearse</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/11/30/1.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2009-12-10:2492182</id>
        <updated>2009-12-10T00:05:00+01:00</updated>
        <published>2009-12-10T00:05:00+01:00</published>
        <summary>    Archives de SYNERGIES EUROPEENNES - 1994            Une vie pour...</summary>
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          &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Black&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Archives de SYNERGIES EUROPEENNES - 1994&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Black&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Une vie pour l'Irlande:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Black&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;Padraig Mac Piarais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/00/535293937.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;IREpearse.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; float: right; margin: 0.2em 0 1.4em 0.7em;&quot; id=&quot;media-2134697&quot; /&gt;Poète, éducateur et soldat, tel fut Patrick Pearse (1879-1916), l'un des pères de l'Irlande libre. Jean Mabire, défenseur opiniâtre des patries charnelles et l'un des vrais inspirateur du renouveau révolutionnaire-conservateur en Europe, nous offre un élégant petit livre vert que tous les activistes des profondeurs serreront dans leur besace. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Patrick Pearse, une vie pour l'Irlande&lt;/i&gt; est édité par l'association identitaire “Terre et Peuple”; c'est d'ailleurs son président, Pierre Vial, professeur d'histoire du Moyen Age à l'Université de Lyon, qui préface ce précieux bréviaire dédié à Michel Déon, autre amoureux de la Verte Erin et bel éveilleur lui aussi. Je tiens en effet &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;La Carotte et le bâton&lt;/i&gt; (Table ronde) et &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Les Poneys sauvages&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; (Gallimard) pour des livres essentiels à la formation d'une sensibilité antimoderne, que tous nos amis doivent avoir lu, au même titre qu'Henri Vincenot ou Jean Raspail &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;(Le Camp des Saints,&lt;/i&gt; qui serait aujourd'hui interdit!). P. Vial souligne la principale qualité de Pearse: il fut un intellectuel organique dans le meilleur sens du terme, un homme dévoué à sa patrie jusqu'à la mort, et qui mit en accord ses pensées les plus profondes et ses actes les plus risqués. Comme Grundtvig ou Petöfi, Pearse voua sa vie à la cause des peuples, la plus noble qui soit. Aujourd'hui comme hier, Pearse demeure un modèle pour nous autres, patriotes continentaux, puisqu'il avait compris que le combat culturel précède toujours l'action politique et que celle-ci peut, quand l'état d'urgence &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;(Ernstfall)&lt;/i&gt; l'exige, se transformer en révolution armée. Jean Mabire dresse un portrait complet et attachant du poète, initiateur de la Renaissance gaélique (des vers aux fusils, la route est parfois moins longue que prévu), car il avait compris que la langue, comme la géographie, cela sert aussi à faire la guerre! Pearse fut aussi éducateur de son peuple en créant le Collège où seront formés spirituellement (« Si l'Irlande spirituelle disparaît, alors l'Irlande réelle mourra aussi » aime à répéter Padraig Mac Piarais, forme gaélique de Patrick Pearse) et intellectuellement les &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Volunteers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; dont l'Irlande a tant besoin. Enfin, il assumera au moment voulu l'écrasante responsabilité de déclencher une révolte armée, la sixième en trois siècles, l'&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Uprising&lt;/i&gt; de Pâques 1916, écrasé dans le sang... par des bataillons de volontaires irlandais portant l'uniforme britannique. Pendant cette semaine folle et magnifique malgré le sang versé (une majorité de civils tués par les bombardements anglais: la tactique sera appliquée ailleurs, de Dresde à Bagdad), Pearse proclamera &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Poblacht na h Eireann,&lt;/i&gt; la République d'Irlande... même s'il fut un moment question de monarchie, avec un prince allemand comme Roi d'Irlande, ce qui aurait sans doute évité bien des drames. Au détour des pages, le.lecteur croisera d'autres géants de l'histoire irlandaise: Michael Collins et James Connolly le socialiste, qui fut l'ami du nationaliste Pearse. Tous deux furent fusillés par les Britanniques. L'émotion suscitée par ce meurtre, un crime, mais surtout une faute politique, devait faire passer la population dublinoise au départ hostile aux insurgés dans le camp de la résistance nationale. Du sacrifice de Pearse naquit l'Etat d'Irlande, encore mutilé à ce jour de ses comtés du nord.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;Padraig CANAVAN.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;Jean MABIRE, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Patrick Pearse. une vie pour l'Irlande,&lt;/i&gt; Editions Terre et Peuple, BP 1095, F-69612 Villeurbanne cedex, tél: 04.72.12.29.92. Prix: 85 FF. Sur l'Irlande, lire aussi, de Pierre Joannon, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Michaël Collins&lt;/i&gt; (Table ronde) et &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Le Rêve irlandais&lt;/i&gt; (Artus), deux évocations passionnantes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial MT Condensed Light&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Arial MT Condensed Light'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Arial MT Condensed Light';&quot; lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: left;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;NL&quot; xml:lang=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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