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    <title>Last posts on littérature roumaine</title>
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    <updated>2026-11-12T14:04:08+01:00</updated>
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        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
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        <title>Lucian Blaga: Vision, identité et culture populaire</title>
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        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2022-03-09:6370378</id>
        <updated>2022-03-09T11:38:59+01:00</updated>
        <published>2022-03-09T11:38:59+01:00</published>
        <summary>            Augusto Fleck      Vision, identité et culture populaire...</summary>
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          &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-6340564&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/00/2737835571.png&quot; alt=&quot;Sem-titulo.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999; font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'arial black', sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Augusto Fleck&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600; font-size: 24pt; font-family: 'arial black', sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vision, identité et culture populaire&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999; font-family: 'arial black', sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Source: http://novaresistencia.org/2022/03/08/visao-identidade-e-cultura-popular/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Il existe un long débat au sein des sphères dissidentes et conservatrices sur la position de la culture populaire, des structures les plus caractéristiques du peuple aux festivals et à l'art produit à l'écart des cercles élitistes et bourgeois. Avec l'aide de la philosophie du poète roumain Lucian Blaga, nous pouvons réfléchir à la manière dont cette culture est proprement le fruit de notre &quot;vision&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Lucian Blaga est un philosophe peu connu en dehors de la sphère universitaire roumaine. Sa poésie, en revanche, est plus répandue et fait même l'objet de traductions en portugais, bien que son impression et sa lecture soient également limitées. Philosophe entre deux mondes, sous l'influence de l'idéalisme et de la poésie d'Allemagne ainsi que de la culture roumaine qui l'entourait, Blaga a également dialogué intensément avec la métaphysique et la phénoménologie.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-6340566&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/02/4253252391.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;1508181780.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Dans le domaine de l'épistémologie, il a eu l'audace de réaliser que les catégories kantiennes qui sous-tendaient la physique moderne étaient insuffisantes pour lire adéquatement la nouvelle physique et pour saisir la conscience de la connaissance dans son ensemble, en proposant que dans l'horizon des mystères, non seulement la lumière qui atténue le mystère produit la connaissance, mais qu'il existe un autre type de &quot;cognoscence&quot; qui intensifie et radicalise le mystère jusqu'à sa limite.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-6340567&quot; style=&quot;float: left; margin: 0.2em 1.4em 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/01/1765819055.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;9782825108222_1_75.jpg&quot; /&gt;Comme produit de ses réflexions, une théorie entièrement nouvelle sur les processus de formation culturelle émerge, puisqu'il a compris l'homme lui-même comme une sorte de mutation ontologiquement culturelle, la culture étant une réponse imagée ou métaphorique de l'homme pour comprendre le mystère qui se trouve au-delà de l'horizon. L'horizon, pour Blaga, est une sorte d'atmosphère axiologique, d'orientation ou de forme, capable de donner un sens à la création culturelle. La culture est donc une manifestation ou une cristallisation anthropologique et géosophique d'horizons spatiaux subconscients.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Dans l'ordre, cet horizon spatial subconscient produit chez l'homme une &quot;vision&quot;, une capacité qui fait de lui, en fait, un Homme. C'est lorsqu'il contemple l'horizon et réfléchit à sa finitude, qui reflète la finitude même de l'être, que la nature &quot;rompt&quot; avec son imperturbable sommeil conscient et en vient à exister pour le mystère et à le tenter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Cette vision, bien sûr, est la muse la plus fondamentale du processus créatif et culturel. La culture n'est pas, comme l'a supposé la modernité à bien des égards, un ensemble de structures fonctionnelles produites par l'homme pour le maintien de son bien-être physique et la garantie de ses biens, mais une condition stylistique et linguistique qui donne un sens au sujet, des outils pour traiter le mystère.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-6340568&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/01/3088904081.jpeg&quot; alt=&quot;metadata-image-47154308.jpeg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Dans le sillage de ce processus, chaque identité qui se forme est une matrice stylistique et structurelle correspondant à la relation entre l'horizon spatial (subconscient), la vision et l'horizon phénoménal de chaque peuple, un &quot;être-avec historique&quot;. C'est pourquoi, contrairement aux animaux, la culture humaine posséderait, pour Blaga, tant de différences organisationnelles et dynamiques. Ainsi, exister ne peut réellement avoir un sens qu'à partir d'une vision spécifique sous laquelle nous modulons notre interaction avec le monde. Dans ce sens, Blaga dialogue à la fois avec les &quot;styles civilisationnels&quot; de Spengler, l'être de Heidegger et la cosmologie civilisationnelle de Douguine. Un amalgame presque typiquement roumain de leurs philosophies, pour être précis. Nonobstant la roumanité intrinsèque des images proposées par Blaga, ses catégories proposent une universalisation métaphysique, épistémologique et anthropologique qui peut être adéquate dans un autre système linguistique, tel que le nôtre (ndt: lusophone).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-6340569&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/00/2814461455.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;6c4cd32483285b53c6bdd6364a4cf438e3065fda6a53ef4d4ad4e34014c778f5.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Par conséquent, la culture populaire en tant que création identitaire à partir de la vision est un élément irrémédiablement concret de la relation existentielle et quotidienne de l'homme avec ce qui le rend homme.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Cela nous ramène, en quelque sorte, au problème de la culture populaire vs la culture de masse, tant en ce qui concerne la production artistique que le statut de nos fêtes populaires, sévèrement critiquées pour être barbares, immondes, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La critique de la culture populaire est un thème récurrent dans les milieux conservateurs comme symptôme de décadence. En fait, il ne semblera pas étrange à tout traditionaliste de réaliser que lorsqu'une civilisation s'épuise dans la véritable essence de son esprit et que le crépuscule approche - ou plutôt, lorsque sa vision devient floue et que l'horizon n'est pas plus contemplatif qu'une obscurité métaphysique - l'art même produit sera en quelque sorte d'affecté.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Le problème de cette interprétation et du comportement subséquent, consistant à fétichiser l'exotique et l'exogène culturel, est une mauvaise compréhension de la civilisation même dont on fait partie. Il faut reconnaître qu'à l'orée de notre existence, aucun type de création culturelle ne dialogue avec l'aspect mystérieux et révélateur de l'existence aussi bien que la nôtre. Douguine souligne cet aspect lorsqu'il applique au cosmos la condition d'accès à l'infini, l'unité dans la multiplicité, l'immersion totale dans le particulier comme condition de l'éternel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-6340570&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/01/00/1418485608.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;2019102958559782749265490.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Cela ne signifie pas, par exemple, un rejet total de ce qui est extérieur, car les grandes œuvres ont également le pouvoir de toucher le mystère par le biais de métaphores et de les exposer de telle sorte qu'une comparaison soit possible. La philosophie est aussi un art de la traduction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Les deux éléments les plus troublants s'avèrent être : (1) une aliénation complète du sujet par rapport à son identité culturelle propre, tandis qu'il cherche dans le passé des cultures anciennes et éteintes, dans son sommet et sa mémoire apollinienne, une sorte d'ode à la beauté comme forme catégorique (2); une réduction de l'art populaire contemporain à l'état décadent du monde, une généralisation dangereuse et potentiellement délétère.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Même aux heures les plus sombres de la nuit de la civilisation, chaque peuple possède encore sa puissance immanente et un mouvement vers l'horizon et la cristallisation révélatrice. C'est cela qui potentialise le renouvellement de la puissance vers l'éternel que les fêtes populaires et l'art de notre peuple produisent, à travers notre matrice stylistique, sans avoir à recourir au plâtre effrité et décoloré des époques culturelles antérieures.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #999999;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En réalité, toutes ces préoccupations et ces excès découlent de la même inquiétude et du même manque de soin qui imprègnent presque tout le travail intellectuel : savoir séparer ce qui est universel et qui relève de la démarche philosophique, anthropologique et métaphysique, de ce qui est particulier et qui reflète un horizon spécifique, qui ne manque pas, même dans l'abîme, de toucher et de dialoguer intimement avec le mystère qui nous rend humains.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Cioran, le flâneur aux idées noires</title>
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        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2013-09-20:5163912</id>
        <updated>2013-09-20T00:05:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2013-09-20T00:05:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>       Archives - 1995       Cioran, le flâneur aux idées noires       Par...</summary>
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          &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-4247492&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/01/02/2298867435.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Portrait-de-Cioran-peinture-dIbara.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Archives - 1995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde; font-size: xx-large; color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cioran, le flâneur aux idées noires&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;authors&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Par Didier Sénécal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;authors&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Ex: http://www.lexpress.fr &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;chapo&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Notre plus illustre moraliste s'est choisi sa vie. En adoptant la langue française comme une patrie, en décidant de ne jamais travailler, en veillant quand le monde dort...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Cioran est peut-être notre dernier écrivain légendaire. Grâce à son refus des projecteurs et à son indifférence aux honneurs, il a conservé une part de mystère - d'autant qu'il ne s'est jamais donné la peine de corriger les erreurs qui courent à son propos. Ainsi, les dictionnaires sont unanimes à le prénommer &lt;a class=&quot;none_underline_link&quot; href=&quot;http://www.lexpress.fr/infos/pers/emil-michel.html&quot; target=&quot;_self&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Emil Michel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. La réalité est tout autre: comme Emil lui paraissait ridicule pour des oreilles françaises, il a adopté les initiales E.M., autrement dit les deux premières lettres de son prénom, en songeant au romancier anglais E.M. Forster.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Emil Cioran, donc, est né en 1911 à Rasinari, village de Transylvanie, alors sous domination austro-hongroise. Son enfance est enchantée: il galope dans les collines en toute liberté et écoute les bergers dont les histoires proviennent de la nuit des temps. En 1921, ce bonheur prend fin brutalement. Son père, un prêtre orthodoxe, le conduit au lycée de Sibiu, la grande ville voisine où se côtoient Roumains, Hongrois et Allemands. Sept ans plus tard, il part étudier la philosophie à Bucarest. La rupture qui va déterminer toute son existence date de cette époque: le sommeil le fuit. Tenté un moment par le suicide, il préfère suivre le conseil de Nietzsche et transformer ses insomnies en un formidable moyen de connaissance: &quot;On apprend plus dans une nuit blanche que dans une année de sommeil.&quot; Etudiant brillant, il écrit son premier livre, Sur les cimes du désespoir, à l'âge de vingt-deux ans. Beaucoup le considèrent comme un des espoirs de la jeune littérature roumaine, aux côtés d'Eugène Ionesco ou du déjà illustre Mircea Eliade.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Après un séjour à Berlin, le voici professeur de philosophie au lycée de Brasov durant l'année scolaire 1936-1937. Expérience mouvementée, si l'on en juge par son surnom dans l'établissement: &quot;le Dément&quot;. A l'en croire, le directeur &quot;se saoule la gueule&quot; le jour de son départ! Mais il doit laisser un sacré souvenir à ses élèves, car certains viendront encore lui rendre visite au bout de plusieurs décennies. C'est en tout cas une expérience unique: il n'exercera plus jamais la moindre activité professionnelle.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;En 1937, une bourse de l'Institut français de Bucarest lui permet d'aller préparer sa thèse à Paris. Non seulement il n'en écrit pas le premier mot, mais il est même incapable d'imaginer un titre... Les années suivantes sont consacrées à d'immenses lectures, à des randonnées à vélo dans les provinces françaises, à la poursuite de son ?uvre en roumain. Cioran vit comme il l'entend: pauvrement, mais sans contraintes, libre de déambuler des nuits entières dans les rues et d'approfondir ses obsessions. Pourtant, il se rend compte qu'il s'est engagé dans une impasse. Il vaudrait mieux, prétend-il, être un auteur d'opérettes que d'avoir écrit six livres dans une langue que personne ne comprend!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Selon son propre témoignage, il aurait décidé d'adopter le français alors qu'il traduisait Mallarmé en roumain. D'autres épisodes ont sans doute joué un rôle important, en particulier un cours au Collège de France durant lequel un mathématicien étranger effectue une démonstration au tableau noir sans avoir besoin d'ouvrir la bouche. Cette mue linguistique est aussi capitale que l'abandon du russe par Nabokov au profit de l'anglais. Désormais, le français - et qui plus est, le français du XVIIIe siècle - va lui servir de &quot;camisole de force&quot;; la langue de Chamfort va corseter le lyrisme balkanique d'un désespéré qui ne jure que par Thérèse d'Avila et Dostoïevski. De là vient ce ton unique: cette invraisemblable synthèse entre la fièvre et la sagesse, entre le délire mystique et l'ironie des moralistes classiques.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;En 1947, Gallimard accepte la première mouture du Précis de décomposition. Cioran retravaille son manuscrit, qui est publié deux ans plus tard. Les critiques sont excellentes, mais le public ne suit pas. Et cette situation va se prolonger pendant près de trente ans. Il faut dire que Cioran est aux antipodes de Jean-Paul Sartre, qui fait alors la pluie et le beau temps, et qu'il éprouve une haine inexpiable envers le communisme. Les nouveaux maîtres roumains ont emprisonné son frère et certains de ses amis, et ses livres sont interdits de l'autre côté du rideau de fer. Cependant, plusieurs éléments lui donnent la force de surmonter les humiliations, les échecs, les volumes pilonnés. Ses amis, d'abord, qui se nomment Ionesco, Eliade, Beckett, Michaux ou Gabriel Marcel. Ses lecteurs, ensuite, très rares mais généralement fanatiques: &quot;Les gens qui s'intéressent à moi ont forcément quelque chose de fêlé...&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Et puis, peu à peu, le couvercle se soulève. En 1965, &lt;a class=&quot;none_underline_link&quot; href=&quot;http://www.lexpress.fr/infos/pers/francois-erval.html&quot; target=&quot;_self&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;François Erval&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; publie le Précis de décomposition en édition de poche. Une nouvelle génération découvre Les syllogismes de l'amertume et La tentation d'exister. Des traductions paraissent en Allemagne, aux Etats-Unis, en Espagne; les articles se multiplient; les chiffres de vente décollent enfin du plancher.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Obscur ou fameux, Cioran demeure tel qu'en lui-même. Il continue à fuir les médias et à décliner les prix littéraires. Il brode inlassablement, dans un style d'une élégance glaciale, sur les thèmes qui le hantent depuis l'adolescence: le vertige du temps, la mort, &quot;l'inconvénient d'être né&quot;, le mysticisme chrétien, l'essoufflement de la civilisation occidentale, Bouddha, Shakespeare, Bach. Sans doute considère-t-il cette célébrité tardive comme un malentendu; lorsqu'il plaint Borges, c'est à lui-même qu'il songe: &quot;La consécration est la pire des punitions (...) A partir du moment où tout le monde le cite, on ne peut plus le citer, ou, si on le fait, on a l'impression de venir grossir la masse de ses ''admirateurs&quot;, de ses ennemis.&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Aveux et anathèmes est publié en 1987. C'est son dernier livre. Si les bruits qui courent en avril 1988 sur une éventuelle tentative de suicide sont infondés, en revanche, il est exact qu'il renonce définitivement à écrire. Atteint par une maladie grave, Cioran vit aujourd'hui dans un hôpital parisien. Cinquante-huit ans après avoir quitté la Roumanie pour jeter l'ancre au Quartier latin, il a toujours le statut d'apatride.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc99;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ce que je sais à soixante, je le savais aussi bien à vingt. Quarante ans d'un long, d'un superflu travail de vérification...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc99;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (De l'inconvénient d'être né)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc99;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ma vision de l'avenir est si précise que, si j'avais des enfants, je les étranglerais sur l'heure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc99;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (De l'inconvénient d'être né)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc99;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Cioran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Youth Without Youth</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2013/03/13/youth-without-youth.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2013-03-17:5014514</id>
        <updated>2013-03-17T00:05:00+01:00</updated>
        <published>2013-03-17T00:05:00+01:00</published>
        <summary>       Youth Without Youth        By  Trevor Lynch          Ex:...</summary>
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          &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-4013475&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/00/1934604388.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;youth-without-youth_poster.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;BlogTitle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large; font-family: arial black,avant garde; color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Youth Without Youth&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;BlogDate&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;By &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Trevor Lynch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Ex: http://www.counter-currents.com/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;BlogContent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0014I4TR2/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=B0014I4TR2&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=countercurren-20&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Youth Without Youth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[2]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=countercurren-20&amp;amp;l=as2&amp;amp;o=1&amp;amp;a=B0014I4TR2&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (2007) is Francis Ford Coppola’s stunning film adaptation of a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0226204154/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0226204154&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=countercurren-20&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;novella of the same name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=countercurren-20&amp;amp;l=as2&amp;amp;o=1&amp;amp;a=0226204154&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliade&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Mircea Eliade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt; (1907–1986), the Romanian scholar of comparative religion and Iron Guard sympathizer. I highly recommend this beautiful, mysterious, endlessly captivating movie. In style, it is classic; in substance, it is eternal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Filmed on location in Romania, Switzerland, India, and Malta, &lt;em&gt;Youth Without Youth&lt;/em&gt; looks, feels, and sounds like a European movie from the 1950s. The color is sumptuous and the cinematography astonishingly detailed, almost tactile. The pacing and editing are generally languid and sinuous, although they are often intercut with annoying, herky-jerky interludes, to farcical effect.&amp;nbsp;The special effects date from the silent age and are entirely effective. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000WVPXD6/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=B000WVPXD6&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=countercurren-20&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;score&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[5]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=countercurren-20&amp;amp;l=as2&amp;amp;o=1&amp;amp;a=B000WVPXD6&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt; by Osvaldo Golijov (who describes himself as an East European Jew born in Argentina) is in the lush, late Romantic idiom, although it avails itself of Oriental and “modernist” styles when the film requires it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Since this movie is long gone from the theaters, I have no compunction about summarizing the whole story. &lt;em&gt;Youth Without Youth&lt;/em&gt; strikes me as a retelling of the Faust myth, particularly Goethe’s &lt;em&gt;Faust&lt;/em&gt;. As in &lt;em&gt;Faust&lt;/em&gt;, the main character is a scholar who late in life despairs that his life’s work is a failure but who is given miraculous gifts, including restored youth, by which he might continue his quest for knowledge.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Youth Without Youth&lt;/em&gt; begins in Piatra Neamț, Romania in 1938. Dominic Matei (played by Tim Roth), a former teacher in a provincial college or &lt;em&gt;lycée&lt;/em&gt;, has just turned 70. He is experiencing the onset of senility and despairs of finishing his life’s work, an investigation into the origins of language and consciousness that has stalled before the dark abysses of prehistory. He decides to kill himself and chooses a particularly horrible death: strychnine.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;He travels to Bucharest on Easter weekend to take the poison far from home, where nobody will know him. But as he approaches his final destination, he is caught in a sudden downpour and struck by lightning, which incinerates his clothes and burns every inch of his body.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Astonishingly, he is not killed. He is taken to a hospital, where he is bandaged from head to toe and watched over by doctors who fully expect him to die. But to everyone’s surprise, he slowly recovers, and when the bandages are removed, they find a man in his 30s. Dominic Matei has been miraculously regenerated. He also discovers that his memory and other mental faculties have not just been regenerated but enormously enhanced, eventually developing into powers of telepathy and telekinesis. He can learn other languages telepathically and “read” books simply by holding them for a few seconds and concentrating on them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Furthermore, he encounters a “double”: an entity that looks exactly like him but who is wiser and more powerful and who can thus offer him guidance and protection. (The double first appears in mirrors and dreams before being seen in the real world. We learn that he is not an illusion when another character sees him as well.) The double functions as a guardian angel, a daimon, a spiritual guide. Perhaps he can do this because he &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; Dominic, but a Dominic whose powers are fully actualized. As an interlocutor, however, the double has a Mephistophelean quality, for he clearly rejects Dominic’s Western ethical humanism in favor of a Hindu-like non-dualism and transhumanism, and the double urges Dominic to do and accept things he finds abhorrent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;As with Faust, Dominic’s new form of existence can, apparently, be prolonged indefinitely under the right conditions. But as with Faust, it can also end. When Faust feels satisfaction, he dies, and his soul if forfeit. Dominic’s double tells him he is free to accept or reject his gift and free to use it for good or for evil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Word of Dominic’s astonishing transformation spreads around the world. He is placed under constant surveillance by the Romanian Secret Police, who are in a heightened state of alert because they are doing battle with the Iron Guard. (Corneliu Codreanu had been arrested in April, 1938 and was murdered that November.) They even suspect that Dominic may be an Iron Guard leader hiding in the hospital under a false identity. (There is, of course, something autobiographical about the character of Dominic Matei, for Eliade too was a scholar of language and myth who was suspected, rightly, of Iron Guard connections. Eliade also wrote the novella in old age, when time is short and the mind is given to nostalgia and fantasies of regeneration.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;The Gestapo also take an interest in Dominic because he seems to confirm the theories of a German scientist, Dr. Joseph Rudolf, who hypothesizes that high voltage electrocution might spark the evolution of a higher form of humanity. Matei’s doctor and host, Professor Stanciulescu (Bruno Ganz), realizes Dominic’s powers when he sees two roses from his garden materialize in Dominic’s room with the help of the double. Thus the Professor refuses to allow the Germans to take Matei, citing medical grounds. They threaten to return with a German doctor who will do their bidding. Thus Stanciulescu arranges false papers so that Matei can leave Romania for Switzerland.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Coppola’s treatment of the Germans is one of the few places the movie rings false and silly. He seems to think that Romania was under German occupation in 1938 or ’39, which never happened. The Germans, of course, are portrayed as fanatics and martinets, and their leader even gives the Hitler salute to Professor Stanciulescu. I have not read the novella, but it is impossible to believe that such farcical inaccuracies are found in the original.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Dominic Matei spends the Second World War in neutral Switzerland, where he leads a life that is part Mircea Eliade, part James Bond. He continues his research into the origins of language and consciousness. He also develops new powers, including abilities to create false identities and beat the house in casinos, which is how he supports himself.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;One night, Dominic is confronted in an alleyway by the Nazi scientist Dr. Rudolf. Rudolf explains to Dominic that he must return with him to Germany, because only with his help can Rudolf construct a bridge from man to superman, which is the only way that mankind can survive the coming nuclear apocalypse. Rudolf wishes to preserve the high culture of the West: music, art, philosophy, and science. He claims that Dominic was sent by some sort of providence to help save mankind. He promises to admit him to the godlike presence of Adolf Hitler. But Dominic refuses to cooperate with the Nazis. Rudolf pulls a gun and tries to abduct Dominic. When a female Romanian agent of the Gestapo tries to defend Dominic, Rudolf shoots her. The double, who evidently wants Dominic to go with Rudolf, tells him that he has no choice in the matter. But Dominic does have a choice: he telekinetically forces Rudolf to shoot himself, then he escapes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-4013476&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/00/3800296279.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;youth_without_youth_fr_0.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Dominic is also convinced that the Second World War will not be the last. He anticipates that mankind will be almost annihilated by nuclear warfare, and he fears that “post-historical man” will succumb to despair. Thus be begins to tape a record of his transformation, depositing the tapes in a bank vault. He hopes that they will somehow survive the end of history and be deciphered by men in the future, giving them hope that humanity might evolve. Of course he has no assurance that the tapes will survive, but believes it anyway, because without this belief, his life would have no meaning.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;The second half of the movie begins in 1955, when Dominic encounters a young German woman on vacation in Switzerland (Alexandra Maria Lara). Her name is Veronica, but she is the very image of Laura, Dominic’s former fiancée, who a lifetime ago had broken off their engagement because he was too involved in his work. She then married another man and died in childbirth a year later. The double confirms that Veronica is the reincarnation of Laura. (She is roughly analogous to Gretchen in Goethe’s &lt;em&gt;Faust&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Veronica’s car is struck by lightning, and her companion is killed. When Dominic finds Veronica, she is speaking in an ancient Indian dialect and claims that her name is Rupini, a woman of the Kshatriya caste, a descendant of one of the first families to convert to Buddhism, who had left the world behind to meditate in a cave.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Veronica/Rupini becomes an international sensation, because she seemingly provides proof of reincarnation. (Veronica herself later suggests spirit possession as an alternative hypothesis.) Veronica/Rupini demonstrates knowledge that Veronica did not and could not have learned during her lifetime. Dominic becomes her caretaker. He summons leading orientalists to study her case, and eventually she is flown to India, where she finds Rupini’s cave, complete with her mortal remains. Then Rupini’s peronality disappears and Veronica’s re-emerges. She and Dominic fall in love. Veronica tires quickly of being a world celebrity, so she and Dominic flee India to a private villa on Malta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;On Malta, Dominic discovers he has to power to induce trances in which Veronica regresses to past lives, speaking Ancient Egyptian, then Akkadian and Sumerian, then unknown protolanguages which Dominic eagerly records and transcribes. He recognizes that Veronica might be the vehicle he needs to pierce the veil of prehistory and reach the origins of language and consciousness. The double confirms this.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;But with each trance, Veronica becomes increasingly drained and begins to age rapidly. Dominic realizes that if he continues to induce regressions, she will wither and die, so he has to choose between Veronica and the completion of his life’s work. He tells Veronica that they must part. If they stay together, she will die. If they part, her youth and beauty will be restored.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;In 1969, when he is 101 years old, Dominic sees Veronica and her two children get down from a train. Heartbroken, he surreptitiously photographs her. He returns to his home town in Romania. In the mirror of his hotel room, he has a conversation with his double. The double reveals that he is indeed the harbinger of a new race, which will arise from the electromagnetic pulse released by an approaching nuclear holocaust. Most of mankind will perish in the process, but a superhumanity will emerge. Disgusted at the sacrifice of man to create the superman, Dominic smashes the mirror, rejecting his gift. The double, gibbering some unknown language, disappears.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Dominic then goes to his old haunt, the Café Select, where he hallucinates an encounter with friends from the 1930s. During the conversation, he rapidly ages, then stumbles out into the night. The next morning, he is found frozen to death in the snow.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;But the end is ambiguous, for at the very end of the film, we hear Veronica’s voice ask Dominic, “Where do you want me to put the third rose?” which then appears in his hand. So is Dominic Matei really dead? He has been all but dead before, remember. So is this just another start? Will he keep coming back until he learns his lesson and his mission is fulfilled? Or is he really dead, but under the protection of Veronica, like Faust whose soul is saved in the end by the intercession of the Eternal Feminine?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Youth Without Youth&lt;/em&gt; is a movie about transcending the human condition: backwards, toward the pre-human origins of language and consciousness, and forwards, toward the advent of the superhuman. Dominic Matei is given the power to do both.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;He could have arrived at the origin of human language and consciousness through Veronica’s trances, but he was unwilling to sacrifice her to his quest for knowledge.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;He is already superhuman, but he could choose to help prepare the way for superhumanity. He had a chance to assist Dr. Rudolf, but he rejected it because he thought that Hitler was the devil himself. In the end, he rejected his own superhumanity simply because he was repelled by the idea that superhumanity would emerge from the destruction of humanity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;In both cases, the path to transcendence of the human realm was blocked by Dominic’s humanistic ethics, the idea that every human being has a dignity or worth that forbids its sacrifice for higher values. Thus &lt;em&gt;Youth Without Youth&lt;/em&gt; explores the same fundamental conflict that animates Christopher Nolan’s &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.counter-currents.com/tag/lynch-dark-knight/&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Dark Knight Trilogy&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[6]&lt;/sup&gt;: the ethic of egalitarian humanism versus the ethic of superhumanism, of the individuals who raise themselves above humanity either through a Nietzschean rejection of slave morality and a Heideggerian encounter with mortality and contingency (the Joker) or through the initiatory knowledge of the League of Shadows. (As I argue in my &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.counter-currents.com/2012/07/the-dark-knight-rises/&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;review&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[7]&lt;/sup&gt; of &lt;em&gt;The Dark Knight Rises&lt;/em&gt;, the two forms of superhumanism are compatible, but Nietzsche, Heidegger, and the Joker only grasp a small part of a much greater truth.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Youth Without Youth&lt;/em&gt; is, in short, a deeply serious film: a feast for the intellect as well as the senses. A commercial and critical flop when it was released in 2007, &lt;em&gt;Youth Without Youth&lt;/em&gt; is in truth one of Francis Ford Coppola’s finest films.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr class=&quot;Divider&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; /&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Article printed from Counter-Currents Publishing: http://www.counter-currents.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Vintila Horia, l’esilio e il sogno di una grande patria europea</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2012/09/19/vintila-horia-l-esilio-e-il-sogno-di-una-grande-patria-europ.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2012-09-23:4838421</id>
        <updated>2012-09-23T00:05:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2012-09-23T00:05:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>   Vintila Horia, l’esilio e il sogno di una grande patria europea        La...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
          &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde; color: #ff6600; font-size: xx-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vintila Horia, l’esilio e il sogno di una grande patria europea &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde; color: #00ff00; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;sottotitolo&quot;&gt;La scrittore rumeno, autenticamente nazionalista, è tra i dannati della letteratura &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;textnero&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Romano Guatta Caldini &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;textnero&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Ex: &lt;a href=&quot;http://rinascita.eu/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;http://rinascita.eu/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-3753362&quot; style=&quot;float: left; margin: 0.2em 1.4em 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/00/722816778.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;VintilaHoriaBustEC.jpg&quot; /&gt;Sono innumerevoli gli autori relegati nel limbo dell’editoria, un po’ perché le loro tesi sono considerate politicamente scorrette, dalla massa degli utili idioti che popolano il mondo della critica letteraria, un po’ perché questi scrittori vengono sempre etichettati come impresentabili, a causa dei loro percorsi esistenziali che non corrispondono al cliché dell’intellettuale “democratico”. Fra i dannati della letteratura, un posto di primo piano lo occupa sicuramente Vintila Horia, il déraciné per eccellenza.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Il tema dell’esilio – in Horia – è una costante. Lui, scrittore autenticamente di destra, è il simbolo di quella generazione di intellettuali che, dopo il tramonto dei fascismi e l’instaurarsi delle dittature comuniste nell’est Europa, passarono tutta la vita lontani dalla madre patria. Sebbene, durante la giovinezza, Horia non abbia mai contemplato l’ipotesi di tornare in Romania – il Paese d’origine che lo condannò ai lavori forzati con l’accusa di propaganda fascista – il richiamo della “terra dei padri” influì notevolmente sulla sua produzione letteraria. “Incominciò allora - scrive Horia - il mio vero esilio come un processo di anacoretismo, cioè come un processo di separazione da tutto quello che io ero stato”. Fra i suoi scritti ricordiamo: “Dio è nato in esilio”, “Gli impossibili”, “La rivolta degli scrittori sovietici”, “Il cavaliere della rassegnazione”, “La settima lettera” ed “Una donna per l’Apocalisse”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Per un esiliato la vita è fatta di incessanti peregrinazioni, alla ricerca - forse inconsapevole - di un’Itaca perduta per sempre. Italia, Austria, Francia, Spagna: furono molte le mete toccate da Horia nel suo percorso di viandante, nell’Europa martoriata dal secondo conflitto mondiale prima e dalla guerra fredda poi. E sono proprio le persone incontrate sulla via i personaggi dei suoi romanzi, come Clara, la bella esule polacca co-protagonista – con Horia “Io narrante” - de “Gli impossibili”. Entrambi in fuga dal comunismo e dai fantasmi del passato, Vintila e Clara si incontrano a Losanna, città che ha dato da sempre rifugio ai perseguitati politici. “Due esiliati - scrive il curatore de Gli Impossibili, per le edizioni Il Borghese - due creature strappate dalla violenza della guerra e dalle aberrazioni della politica al loro Paese; ciascuno spera di ritrovare, nell’amore, la patria, cioè, la fine della solitudine”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Clara entra nella vita di Horia come una cometa, come un bagliore sfuggente che illumina – per un brevissimo lasso di tempo, l’esistenza dello scrittore rumeno. Nella solitudine interiore di lei, Horia trova ristoro, nella sofferenza provocatale da un passato popolato di fantasmi, l’autore trova le proprie radici, un contatto, seppur effimero, con la lontana Romania. Ed è così, attraverso un viaggio a ritroso nel tempo che Horia ripercorre le tappe che lo hanno portato a Losanna. Un percorso angosciante che partendo dalla casa paterna - ormai spazzata via dal regime comunista – arriva fino all’avvenimento che segnò la svolta negli orientamenti politici dell’autore: l’assassinio, in mezzo alla folla, di tre legionari della Guardia di Ferro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Come per i suoi connazionali, Emil Cioran e Mircea Eliade, anche per Horia il successo arriverà durante il suo soggiorno forzato all’estero. Nel “60, con la pubblicazione del suo capolavoro, “Dio è nato in esilio”, ad Horia venne assegnato il Premio Gouncourt, il più noto riconoscimento letterario di Francia. Eppure, anche questa volta, i fantasmi del passato tornarono a riscuotere il proprio tributo. Dopo la vittoria del Gouncort, Horia venne invitato a farsi fotografare con il funzionario, dell’ambasciata rumena a Parigi, addetto alle relazioni. Un tentativo, da parte del regime comunista, di riavvicinare lo scrittore. Horia, però, rifiutò l’esortazione e, a quel punto, dalle pagine de L’Humanité scattò una campagna stampa tendente a screditarlo. Il quotidiano marxista, imbeccato dall’inteligencja rumena, mise in atto un violento attacco che, ricordando i trascorsi fascisti dello scrittore, ebbe come risultato la restituzione del premio. “Se il libro di Vintila Horia meritava il Premio Goncourt - si legge nel retro di copertina della pubblicazione italiana del libro “Dio è nato in esilio” - perché i giudici, dopo averlo assegnato secondo tutte le regole, non seppero difendere la loro decisione? E se il libro non meritava il premio, perché gli fu assegnato? La Romania comunista ha cercato fino all’ultimo momento di recuperare Vintila Horia, che vive in esilio per non vivere in una Romania comunista. (…) Si ripeté per Vintila Horia la discriminazione già usata coi militari e gli intellettuali tedeschi: quelli che hanno aderito al comunismo sono illibati e stimabili, chi si rifiuta di farlo è reprobo”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Aspetto poco conosciuto, dell’autore rumeno, è il suo stretto legame con l’Italia. Nel ‘39, infatti, appena ventiquattrenne ed in seguito alla laurea in giurisprudenza conseguita a Bucarest, Horia venne inviato a Roma, in qualità di addetto stampa della Legazione del Regno di Romania a Roma. Qui conoscerà Papini con cui, nel tempo, instaurerà un prolifico rapporto lavorativo, culturale e naturalmente, di amicizia. A Perugia lo scrittore avrà l’occasione di seguire i corsi di Letteratura e filosofia, almeno fino al suo trasferimento all’ambasciata di Vienna. Da qui, dopo la caduta del regime pro-Asse del Maresciallo Ion Antonescu e il conseguente instaurarsi - in Romania - di un governo filo-sovietico, venne rinchiuso in un campo di concentramento, per diplomatici del Terzo Reich, a Maria Pfarr, in Austria.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Liberato dagli inglesi, nel ‘45, Horia tornò in Italia, a Bologna. Ed è nel capoluogo emiliano che lo scrittore prese la decisione emotivamente più devastante della sua vita: non fare mai più ritorno in una Romania trasfigurata dal comunismo. Durante il periodo nel “bel paese”, lo scrittore collaborò a diverse riviste, come “L’Ultima” ed il “Perseo”, e ad alcuni quotidiani, tra cui “il Tempo” e “Roma”. Da menzionare sono i saggi - di Horia - sui pensatori anticonformisti italiani: l’amico Giovani Papini ed il Barone Julius Evola.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Moderno Ulisse, lo scrittore rumeno non smise mai di viaggiare, tenendo conferenze nelle università di Buenos Aires, Madrid, Parigi e Santiago del Chile. Come molti uomini legati ai fasti, dell’epopea rivoluzionaria nazionale dei regimi fascisti europei, anche Horia si trasferì in Argentina, più precisamente a Buenos Aires dove, grazie all’aiuto di Papini, poté trovare un’occupazione presso un’università locale. La morte lo colse in Spagna, dove aveva trovato rifugio, grazie al governo franchista.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Vintila Horia non tornò mai in Romania e, forse, fu proprio per la sua condizione di apolide che nel tempo sviluppò una sorta d’inter-nazionalismo di stampo europeista. Infatti, durante un’intervista rilasciata a Gianfranco De Turris, Horia dichiarò: “Mi considero uno scrittore europeo. Credo che la mia vera patria, e la patria di noi tutti, italiani, romeni, spagnoli o francesi, sia – in fondo – l’Europa”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;textnero&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12&amp;nbsp;Settembre&amp;nbsp;2012&amp;nbsp; - http://rinascita.eu/index.php?action=news&amp;amp;id=16691 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Intervista a Claudio Mutti</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2012/05/30/intervista-a-claudio-mutti.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2012-06-03:4734217</id>
        <updated>2012-06-03T00:05:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2012-06-03T00:05:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>     Intervista a Claudio Mutti     La traduzione della tragedia “Ifigenia”...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
          &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;media-3604814&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/01/00/1099970719.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;305369177.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1 class=&quot;header&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large; font-family: arial black,avant garde; color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;Intervista a Claudio Mutti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;sottotitolo&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; font-family: arial black,avant garde; color: #99cc00;&quot;&gt; La traduzione della tragedia “Ifigenia” di Mircea Eliade è pubblicata dalle Edizioni all’insegna del Veltro &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc99;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Ultimamente fioccano le “censure di presentazione” di libri ritenuti - per lo più a torto - politicamente o culturalmente scorretti. Tutti lettori sanno qualcosa del recente divieto di presentazione del “Così parlò Zarathustra” edito da Ar. O della richiesta dell’associazione “Gherush” di sospendere l’insegnamento di Dante e della sua “Comoedia” perché... antisemita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc99;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Ma c’è un altro precedente, forse ignoto, che riassumiamo in breve.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc99;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Un paio d’anni fa Claudio Mutti - il filologo di Parma tacciato di rossobrunismo e eresia - aveva tradotto e pubblicato in italiano una tragedia di Mircea Eliade, “Ifigenia”, che fu messa in scena un paio di volte in Romania (prima sotto Antonescu e poi sotto Ceausescu).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc99;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Alcuni mesi fa un regista teatrale, Gianpiero Borgia, ha letto il libro e gli è piaciuto. Così ha preparato un allestimento dell’Ifigenia di Eliade per il Teatro Festival di Napoli (12 giugno) e per la stagione teatrale del Teatro Stabile di Catania (26 giugno).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc99;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Qualche giorno fa, però ha ricevuto un diktat dall’erede dei diritti d’autore di Eliade, tale Sorin Alexandrescu, attivista liberale e fondatore di un Comitato per i diritti umani: la tragedia non deve essere rappresentata nella traduzione di Claudio Mutti, perché ha pubblicato tre saggi storici sul rapporto di Eliade con la Guardia di Ferro di Corneliu Codreanu. Proponiamo ai lettori di “Rinascita” un’intervista al professore fatta da un giovane studioso della lingua romena, che ha appena pubblicato un libro presso Aliberti un libro sul colpo di Stato del dicembre 1989.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Bistolfi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Claudio Mutti, antichista, filologo, linguista, poliglotta, traduttore e molto altro: una delle Sue ultime fatiche è stata la traduzione della tragedia Ifigenia di Mircea Eliade, pubblicata dalle Edizioni all’insegna del Veltro. Lei ha così portato alla luce un testo pressoché sconosciuto dello studioso romeno. Quando ha scoperto questo lavoro? Di che cosa tratta?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Mutti: Sono debitore della prima lettura di Ifigenia al mio amico Ion Marii, che alcuni decenni fa mi donò un esemplare dell’ormai irreperibile edizione uscita grazie ai suoi sforzi nel 1951, quando era esule in Argentina. A tale proposito, Mircea Eliade scrisse nel dicembre di quell’anno su un periodico dell’emigrazione romena: “Talvolta arrivano degli operai dall’anima angelica e donano i loro averi affinché si possano stampare i versi e le prose dei nostri sognatori o dei nostri veglianti; è il caso di quell’operaio che sta in Argentina, Ion Marii, il quale ha donato all’editore di Cartea Pribegiei tutto quello che aveva risparmiato in un anno e mezzo di lavoro (Ion Marii, primo membro d’onore della Società degli Scrittori Romeni, quando ritorneremo a casa…)”. Norman Manea invece raccontò su “Les Temps Modernes” che Ifigenia venne pubblicata… dal proprietario “della stampa di destra argentina” (sic)!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Di che cosa si tratta? Ifigenia è una tragedia che riprende il mito trattato da Euripide nell’Ifigenia in Aulide, ma si caratterizza per il risalto attribuito al motivo del sacrificio, motivo di cui Eliade si occupò, in quegli stessi anni, nei Commenti alla leggenda di Mastro Manole. La figlia di Agamennone accetta e sollecita il proprio sacrificio affinché la spedizione contro Troia possa compiersi con successo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; La tesi di Eliade è che Ifigenia, accettando e sollecitando il proprio sacrificio, acquisisce un “corpo di gloria” che consiste nel successo della spedizione bellica; essa vive nell’impresa degli Achei proprio come la moglie di Mastro Manole vive nel corpo di pietra e calce del monastero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Nel mese di giugno il regista Gianpiero Borgia presenterà la versione italiana di Ifigenia, in prima assoluta per l’Italia, al Teatro Festival di Napoli e al Teatro Greco-Romano di Catania. Abbiamo però notato che il Suo nome non compare più nel cartellone. Si tratta di un “refuso” oppure c’è stato qualche problema “tecnico”?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; L’erede di Mircea Eliade, suo nipote Sorin Alexandrescu, ha posto come condizione irrinunciabile per la concessione dei diritti che la rappresentazione dell’opera non si avvalesse della mia traduzione e che questa venisse sostituita dalla traduzione inedita di Horia Corneliu Cicortas. Il motivo di questo aut-aut dell’erede di Eliade è dovuto ad un puro e semplice pregiudizio ideologico. Infatti Sorin Alexandrescu, già fondatore di un comitato per i “diritti umani”, ritiene che oggi, “grazie al trionfo mondiale del liberalismo, noi comprendiamo più facilmente quello che molti intellettuali e cittadini non potevano comprendere allora [cioè nel periodo interbellico], ossia che la società liberale è la società meno imperfetta”. Ora, siccome lo zio non ebbe la possibilità di comprendere quello che invece è stato compreso dal nipote, quest’ultimo si trova in grande imbarazzo allorché il nome di Eliade viene associato alla cultura del tradizionalismo o, peggio ancora, al movimento legionario; perciò si sforza di dissociare Eliade da tutto ciò che è culturalmente e politicamente scorretto. Ai suoi occhi io ho commesso la grave colpa di pubblicare in più lingue alcuni studi che sine ira et studio documentano le liaisons dangereuses di Eliade sia col tradizionalismo (Eliade, Vâlsan, Geticus e gli altri. La fortuna di Guénon tra i Romeni) sia con il legionarismo (Mircea Eliade e la Guardia di Ferro e Le penne dell’Arcangelo). Di qui il diktat di Sorin Alexandrescu al regista italiano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Leggendo Eliade si ha l’impressione che egli abbia rivelato di se stesso molto di più nei romanzi e, scopriamo oggi, in questa tragedia, che non nei diari e nella sua produzione saggistica. Qual è la Sua impressione a riguardo?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Credo di essere stato il primo, oltre una ventina d’anni fa, ad affermare che “sotto il velame” della narrazione romanzesca Eliade ha celato qualcosa che non poteva o non voleva dire esplicitamente in altra maniera: un qualcosa che aveva a che fare con il “culturalmente e politicamente scorretto” di cui ho detto poc’anzi. La mia convinzione è stata poi confermata da altri studiosi, i quali hanno scrutato le pagine della narrativa eliadiana cercando di mettere in luce quelli che Marcello De Martino definisce come i “non detti” e i “frammenti di un insegnamento sconosciuto”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; In Romania è mai stata rappresentata questa tragedia? Quali riscontri ha avuto?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Eliade si trovava all’estero allorché il 12 febbraio 1941 Ifigenia venne rappresentata per la prima volta al Teatro Comedia di Bucarest (il Teatro Nazionale era in restauro in seguito ad un terremoto). Una ventina di giorni prima, il generale Antonescu aveva espulso i legionari dal governo ed aveva instaurato una dittatura militare; dato il successo riscosso dalla prima dell’opera, la moglie di Eliade temeva che le autorità potessero vietare ulteriori rappresentazioni, perché, come si legge nel Diario di Petru Comarnescu, con la figura di Ifigenia “Eliade vuole ricordare Codreanu”. Col Diario di Comarnescu converge il Diario di Mihail Sebastian, il quale non si era recato alla prima di Ifigenia: “Avrei avuto l’impressione di assistere – annotò il drammaturgo ebreo – ad una seduta di cuib”, ossia ad una riunione legionaria. Dovette trascorrere una trentina d’anni, prima in Romania si potesse leggere di nuovo il testo di Ifigenia o assistere ad una rappresentazione della tragedia. Il testo fu pubblicato su “Manuscriptum”, una rivista culturale edita a Bucarest, nel 1974, nel quadro di un’operazione di “recupero” della produzione eliadiana da parte del regime nazionalcomunista. Negli anni Ottanta, la tragedia di Eliade venne rappresentata due o tre volte.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Qual è la percezione che oggi in Romania si ha dell’adesione di Eliade al Movimento legionario? E in Italia?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; Per i Romeni che hanno un’opinione positiva del Movimento legionario, l’adesione di Eliade (così come quella della maggior parte dell’intellettualità romena dell’epoca) è motivo d’orgoglio. Per gli altri, a partire dall’erede dei diritti delle sue opere, è motivo d’imbarazzo. Quanto all’Italia, alcuni hanno demonizzato Eliade come un aguzzino che “consegnava alle SS gli ebrei romeni” (così scrisse testualmente “Repubblica”), mentre altri hanno cercato a lungo di sottacerne l’impegno legionario, poi si sono arrampicati sugli specchi per negarlo o minimizzarlo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;textnero&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc99;&quot;&gt;26&amp;nbsp;Maggio&amp;nbsp;2012&amp;nbsp;12:00:00 - http://rinascita.eu/index.php?action=news&amp;amp;id=15103 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Emil Cioran e o Culto à Morte</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2011/11/23/emil-cioran-e-o-culto-a-morte.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2011-11-25:3879705</id>
        <updated>2011-11-25T00:10:00+01:00</updated>
        <published>2011-11-25T00:10:00+01:00</published>
        <summary>         Emil Cioran e o Culto à Morte      &amp;nbsp;     por Tomislav Sunic...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
          &lt;div class=&quot;date-posts&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;post-outer&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;post hentry&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;6413672440034696370&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;post-title entry-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-large; font-family: arial black,avant garde; color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://legio-victrix.blogspot.com/2011/11/emil-cioran-e-o-culto-morte.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;Emil Cioran e o Culto à Morte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;post-header&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;post-body-6413672440034696370&quot; class=&quot;post-body entry-content&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; font-family: arial black,avant garde; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt; por Tomislav Sunic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;post-body entry-content&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;post-body entry-content&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; font-family: arial black,avant garde; color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Ex: http://legio-victrix.blogspot.com/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot; href=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eubHNvcMsx4/TeJWGFXhrVI/AAAAAAAAAJI/1gYEyntmDAg/s400/A1-CAPITANUL-CIORAN-LEGIONAR.JPG&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eubHNvcMsx4/TeJWGFXhrVI/AAAAAAAAAJI/1gYEyntmDAg/s320/A1-CAPITANUL-CIORAN-LEGIONAR.JPG&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;273&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Pessimismo histórico e senso trágico são motivos recorrentes na literatura Européia. De Heraclitus à Heidegger, de Sophocles à Schopenhauer, os representantes do ponto de vista trágico assinalam que a maneira mais curta de existência humana pode somente ser superada pela intensidade heróica de viver. A filosofia do trágico é incompatível com o dogma cristão de salvação e otimismo de algumas ideologias modernas. Muitas políticas ideológicas e teológicas modernas se estabelecem a partir do pressuposto de que “o futuro radiante” está em algum lugar depois de virar a esquina, e que o medo existencial pode ser melhor subjugado pela aceitação de um linear e progressivo conceito histórico. É interessante observar que indivíduos e massas, na nossa pós-modernidade, cada vez mais evitam alusões à morte e ao fato de morrer. Procissões e despertares, que há não muito honraram a comunhão pós-moderna entre a vida e a morte, estão rapidamente caindo no esquecimento. Em uma sociedade fria e super-racional de hoje, a morte de alguém causa constrangimento, como se a morte nunca tivesse existido, e como se a morte pudesse ser adiada por uma “procura da felicidade” deliberada. A crença de que a morte pode ser despistada com um elixir da juventude eterna e a “ideologia das boas aparências”, é generalizada na sociedade moderna orientada pela TV. Essa crença se tornou uma fórmula de conduta sócio-política.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; O ensaísta franco-romeno, Emile Cioran, sugere que uma conscientização da futilidade existencial representa a única arma contra delírios teológicos e ideológicos que têm balançando a Europa por séculos. Nascido na Romênia em 1911, Cioran desde muito cedo se identificou com o velho provérbio Europeu de que geografia significa destino. Da sua região nativa, de onde uma vez vagou pelas hordas de Scythian e Sarmatian, e na qual mais recentemente, vampiros e Draculas políticos estão tomando o pedaço, ele herdou um típico talento “balkanesque” de sobrevivência. Dezenas de povos gregos antigos evitavam esta área, e quando as circunstâncias políticas os forçaram a fugir, escolheram uma nova pátria na Sicília ou na Itália – ou hoje, como Cioran, na França. “Nossa época” escreve Cioran, “vai ser marcada pelo romantismo de pessoas apátridas. Já a imagem do universo está no passo de que ninguém terá direitos civis.”[1] Similarmente a esses compatriotas exilados, Eugene Ionesco, Stephen Lupasco, Mircea Eliade, e muitos outros, Cioran vem para compreender muito cedo que o senso de futilidade existencial pode melhor ser curado pela crença em um conceito histórico cíclico, que exclui qualquer noção de chegada de um Messias ou a continuação do progresso tecno-econômico.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; A atitude política, estética e existencial, de Cioran em relação a ser e tempo é um esforço para restaurar o pensamento pré-Socrático, o qual o Cristianismo, logo a herança do racionalismo e do positivismo, empurrou para a periferia da especulação filosófica. Nesse ensaio e aforisma, Cioran tenta lançar uma fundação de uma filosofia de vida que, paradoxalmente, consiste na refutação total de todo o viver. Em uma era de história acelerada lhe parece sem sentido especular sobre o aperfeiçoamento humano ou sobre o “fim da história”. “O futuro”, escreve Cioran, “vão e vejam por si mesmos se realmente desejam. Eu prefiro me agarrar ao inacreditável presente e ao inacreditável passado. Eu os deixo a oportunidade de encarar o inacreditável.”[2] Antes dos empreendimentos humanos em devaneios sobre a sociedade futurista, ele devia primeiro imergir a si mesmo na insignificância da sua vida, e finalmente restaurar a vida para o que ela é de fato: uma hipótese trabalhosa. Em uma de suas litografias, o pintor francês J. Valverde, do século XVI, esboçou um homem que tinha tirado sua própria pele. Esse incrível homem, segurando uma faca em uma das mãos e sua pele recém tirada na outra, assemelha-se a Cioran, que agora ensina aos seus leitores como melhor tirar a máscara das ilusões políticas. Homens sentem medo somente na sua pele, não no esqueleto. Como seria para uma mudança, pergunta Cioran, se o homem poderia ter pensado em algo não relacionado ao ser? Nem tudo que transparece teimoso tem causado dores de cabeça? “E eu tenho pensado em todos que eu conheço”, escreve Cioran, “em todos que não estão mais vivos, há muito chafurdando em seus caixões, para sempre isentos da sua carne – e medo.”[3]&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; A interessante característica de Cioran é a tentativa de lutar contra o niilismo existencial por significados niilistas. Diferente de seus contemporâneos, Cioran é averso ao pessimismo chic dos intelectuais modernos que lamentam paraísos perdidos, e que continuam pontificando sobre o fim do progresso econômico. Inquestionavelmente, o discurso literário da modernidade tem contribuído para essa disposição do falso pessimismo, embora esse pessimismo pareça ser mais induzido por apetites econômicos frustrados, e menos, pelo que Cioran fala, “alienação metafísica”. Contrário ao existencialismo de J.P. Sartre, que foca na ruptura entre ser e não-ser, Cioran lamenta a divisão entre a linguagem e a realidade e, portanto, a dificuldade de transmitir inteiramente a visão da insignificância existencial. Em um tipo de alienação popularizada por escritores modernos, Cioran detecta o ramo da moda do “parnasianismo” que elegantemente mascara uma versão aquecida de uma crença frustrada em andamento. Como uma atitude crítica em relação aos seus contemporâneos, talvez seja a razão do por quê Cioran nunca teve elogios caindo aos montes sobre ele, e por quê seus inimigos gostam de apelida-lo de “reacionário”. Para rotular Cioran de filósofo do niilismo pode ser melhor apropriado em vista do fato de quê ele é um blasfemador teimoso que nunca se cansa de chamar Cristo, São Paulo, e todo o clérigo cristão, tão bem quanto seus seculares marxistas freudianos, de sucessores totais da mentira e mestres da ilusão. Ao atenuar Cioran para uma categoria ideológica e intelectual preconcebida não se pode fazer justiça ao seu temperamento complexo, nem refletir objetivamente sua filosofia política complicada. Cada sociedade, democrática ou despótica, tenta silenciar aqueles que encarnam a negativa da sacrossanta teologia política. Para Cioran, todo os sistemas devem ser rejeitados pela simples razão de que eles glorificam o homem como criatura final. Somente no louvor do não-ser, e na total negação da vida, argumenta Cioran, a existência do homem se torna suportável. A grande vantagem de Cioran é, como ele diz, “eu vivo somente porque é meu poder morrer quando eu quiser; sem a idéia de suicídio, eu tenho me matado já há muito tempo atrás.”[4] Essas palavras testemunham a alienação de Cioran da filosofia de Sisyphus, bem como sua desaprovação do pathos moral do trabalho infestado de esterco. Dificilmente um caráter bíblico ou moderno democrata poderia querer contemplar de maneira similar a possibilidade de quebrar o ciclo do tempo. Como Cioran diz, o supremo senso de beatitude é alcançável somente quando o homem compreende que ele pode, em qualquer momento, terminar com sua vida; somente nesse momento isso significará uma nova “tentação de existir”. Em outras palavras, poderia ser dito que Cioran desenha sua força vital do constante fluxo de imagens de morte saudada, assim interpretando irrelevante todas as tentativas de qualquer compromisso ético ou político. O homem deveria, por uma mudança, argumenta Cioran, tentar funcionar como uma bactéria saprófita; ou melhor, como uma ameba da era Paleozóica. Como forma primordial de existência pode suportar o terror do ser e do tempo mais facilmente. Em um protoplasma, ou em espécies mais arcaicas, há mais beleza que em todos os filósofos da vida. E para reiterar este ponto, Cioran acrescenta: “Oh, como eu gostaria de ser uma planta, mesmo que eu teria que ser um excremento de alguém!”[5]&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Talvez Cioran poderia ser retratado como arruaceiro, ou como os franceses diriam, “trouble fete”, do qual os aforismas suicidas ofendem a sociedade burguesa, mas de quem as palavras também chocam os socialistas modernos sonhadores. Em vista da sua aceitação da idéia da morte, assim como sua rejeição de todas as doutrinas políticas, não é de admirar que Cioran não mais se sente imposto ao egoísta amor da vida. Por isso, não há razão para ele no refletir sobre a estratégia de vida; alguém deveria, primeiro, começar a pensar sobre a metodologia da morte ou, melhor ainda, como nunca ter nascido. “A humanidade tem regredido muito”, escreve Cioran, e “nada prova isso melhor que a impossibilidade de encontrar uma única nação ou tribo na qual o nascimento de uma criança causa luto e lamentação”[6] Onde estão aqueles tempos sacros, pergunta Cioran, quando os bogumils balcânicos e os cátaros franceses viram no nascimento de uma criança um castigo divino? As gerações atuais, ao invés de alegrarem-se quando seus queridos morrem, estão aturdidos com terror e descrença na visão da morte. Ao invés de lamentar e lutar quando sua prole nasce, organizam festividades em massa:&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; “Se embargá-los é um mal, a causa desse mal deve ser vista no escândalo do nascimento – porque para nascer significa ser embargado. O propósito da separação deveria ser a supressão de todos os vestígios desse escândalo – o sinistro e o menos tolerável dos escândalos.”[7]&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; A filosofia de Cioran carrega uma forte marca de Friedrich Nietzsche e das Upanishads indianas. Embora seu incorrigível pessimismo muitas vezes chama a “Weltschmerz” de Nietzsche, sua linguagem clássica e sua rígida sintaxe raramente tolera narrativas românticas ou líricas, nem as explosões sentimentais que pode-se encontrar na prosa de Nietzsche. Ao invés de recorrer à melancolia trovejante, o humor paradoxal de Cioran expressa algo o qual, em primeiro lugar, nunca deveria ter sido construído verbalmente. A fraqueza da prosa de Cioran reside, provavelmente, na sua falta de organização temática. Quando seus aforismos são lidos como notas destruídas de uma boa construção musical, e também sua linguagem é bastante hermética, em que o leitor tem de tatear o significado.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Quando alguém lê a prosa de Cioran é confrontado por um autor que impõe um clima de gélido apocalipse, que contradiz completamente a herança do progresso. A verdadeira alegria está em não-ser, diz Cioran, que é, na convicção de que cada ato de criação intencional perpetua o caos cósmico. Não há propósito nas deliberações intermináveis sobre um melhor sentido da vida. A história inteira, seja a história lembrada ou a história mítica, é repleta de cacofonia de tautologias teológicas e ideológicas. Tudo é “éternel retour”, um carrossel histórico, com aqueles que estão hoje no topo, terminando amanhã no fundo do poço.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; “Eu não posso desculpar a mim mesmo por ter nascido. É como se, ao insinuar a mim mesmo nesse mundo, eu profanasse algum mistério, traísse algum importante noivado, executasse um erro de gravidade indescritível.”[8]&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Não significa que Cioran seja completamente isolado dos tormentos físicos e mentais. Ciente da possibilidade de um desastre cósmico, e persuadido neurologicamente de que algum outro predador pode em qualquer momento privar-se do seu privilégio para assim morrer, ele implacavelmente evoca um conjunto de imagens de morte em camas. Não é um verdadeiro método aristocrático de aliviar a impossibilidade d ser?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; “A fim de vencer a ansiedade ou temor tenaz, não há nada melhor do que imaginar seu próprio funeral: método eficiente e acessível a todos. A fim de evitar recorrer a isso durante o dia, o melhor é entrar nessas virtudes logo após se levantar. Ou talvez fazer uso disso em ocasiões especiais, semelhante ao Papa Inocêncio IX que mandou pintarem ele morto em sua cama. Ele lançaria um olhar para aquela pintura toda vez que tivesse uma decisão importante a fazer...”[9]&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Primeiramente, já se deve ter sido tentado a dizer que Cioran é afeiçoado em mergulhar nas suas neuroses e idéias mórbidas, como se pudessem ser usadas para inspirar sua criatividade literária. Tão emocionante que ele encontra seu desgosto pela vida que ele próprio sugere que “aquele que consegue adquiri-lo tem um futuro o qual fará tudo prosperar; sucesso assim como derrota.”[10] Tal franca descrição de seus espasmos emocionais o faz confessar que sucesso, para ele, é tão difícil adquirir quanto a falha. Tanto um como o outro lhe causam dor-de-cabeça.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; O sentimento da futilidade sublime com relação a tudo que engloba a vida vai de mão à mão com a atitude pessimista de Cioran com respeito ao surgimento e à decadência dos impérios e dos Estados. Sua visão da circulação do tempo histórico lembra Vico's corsi e ricorsi, e seu cinismo sobre a natureza humana desenha na “biologia” histórica de Spengler. Tudo é um carrossel, e todo sistema está condenado a perecer no momento em que toma entrada na cena histórica. Pode-se detectar nas profecias sombrias de Cioran os pressentimentos do estóico imperador romano Marcus Aurelius, quem ouviu na distância do Noricum o galope dos cavalos bárbaros, e quem discerniu através da neblina de Panonia as pendentes ruínas do império romano. Embora hoje os atores sejam diferentes, a configuração permanece similar; milhões de novos bárbaros começaram a bater nos portões da Europa, e em breve tomarão posse daquilo que está dentro dela:&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; “Independentemente do quê o mundo se tornará no futuro, os ocidentais assumirão o papel do Graeculi do império romano. Necessitados de e desprezados por novos conquistadores, não terão nada para oferecer a não ser a imposturice da sua inteligência ou o brilho de seu passado.”[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.romania-insider.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/emil-cioran.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.romania-insider.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/emil-cioran.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; height=&quot;201&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Este é o momento da rica Europa arrumar-se e ir embora, e ceder a cena histórica para outros povos mais viris. A civilização se torna decadente quando toma a liberdade como certa; seu desastre é iminente quando se torna tolerante a todo tosco de lá de fora. No entanto, apesar de que os furacões políticos estão à espreita no horizonte, Cioran, como Marcus Aurelius, está determinado a morrer com estilo. Seu senso do trágico ensinou-o a estratégia do ars moriendi, o tornando preparado para qualquer surpresa, independente da sua magnitude. Vitoriosos e vítimas, heróis e capangas, eles todos não se revezam nesse carnaval da história, lamentando e lamentando seu destino enquanto no fundo do poço, e tomando vingança enquanto no topo? Dois mil anos de história greco-cristã é uma mera ninharia em comparação à eternidade. Uma civilização caricatural está agora tomando forma, escreve Cioran, na qual os que estão criando estão ajudando aqueles que a querem destruir. A história não tem sentido e, portanto, na tentativa de torna-la significativa, ou esperar disso uma explosão final de teofania, é uma quimera auto-destrutiva. Para Cioran, há mais verdade nas ciências ocultas do que em todas as filosofias que tentam dar sentido de vida. O homem se tornará finalmente livre quando ele tirar sua camisa de força do finalismo e do determinismo, e quando ele compreender que a vida é um erro acidental que saltou de uma circunstância astral desconcertante. Provas? Uma pequena torção da cabeça claramente mostra que a história, de fato, se resume a uma classificação do policiamento: “afinal de contas, a barganha histórica não é a imagem da qual as pessoas têm do policiamento das épocas?”[12] Suceder na mobilização das massas em nome de algumas idéias obscuras, para as permitir farejar sangue, é um caminho certeiro para o sucesso político. As mesmas massas, as quais carregaram nos ombros a revolução francesa em nome da igualdade e da fraternidade, não têm muitos anos atrás também carregado nos ombros um imperador de roupas novas – um imperador em cujo nome corriam descalços de Paris a Moscou, de Jena para Dubrovnik? Para Cioran, quando uma sociedade cai fora das utopias políticas, não há mais esperanças, e consequentemente não se pode mais haver vida. Sem utopia, escreve Cioran, as pessoas são forçadas a cometer suicídio; graças à utopia, elas cometem homicídio.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Hoje em dia não há mais utopia. A democracia de massa tomou seu lugar. Sem a democracia a vida possui algum sentido; agora, a democracia não possui vida em si mesmo. Afinal, Cioran argumenta, se não fosse por um lunático da Galiléia, o mundo seria um lugar muito chato. Ai, ai, quantos lunáticos hoje estão incubando hoje suas auto-denominadas derivativas teológicas e ideológicas. “A sociedade está mal organizada”, escreve Cioran, “ela não faz nada contra os lunáticos que morrem tão cedo.”[13] “Provavelmente todos os profetas e adivinhos políticos deveriam imediatamente ser condenados à morte, porque quando a ralé aceita um mito – prepare-se para massacres ou, melhor, para uma nova religião.”[14]&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Inequivocamente, como os ressentimentos de Cioran contra a utopia poderiam aparecer, ele está longe de ridicularizar sua importância criativa. Nada poderia ser mais repugnante para ele do que o vago clichê da modernidade que associa a busca pela felicidade com uma sociedade da busca pelo prazer da paz. Desmistif
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Emil Cioran - Un siècle d'écrivains (1999)</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2011/10/05/emil-cioran-un-siecle-d-ecrivains-1999.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2011-10-05:3796345</id>
        <updated>2011-10-05T00:05:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2011-10-05T00:05:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>      Emil Cioran - Un siècle d'écrivains (1999)  </summary>
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          &lt;p&gt;&lt;iframe width=&quot;420&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/1BoDK_nJnCw&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1 id=&quot;watch-headline-title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;eow-title&quot; class=&quot;long-title&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; font-family: arial black,avant garde; color: #ff6600;&quot; title=&quot;Emil Cioran - Un siècle d'écrivains (1999). Subtitulado en español.&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Emil Cioran - Un siècle d'écrivains (1999)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Se Cioran il nichilista scopre l'amore assoluto</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2010/06/30/se-cioran-il-nichilis.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2010-07-05:2810252</id>
        <updated>2010-07-05T00:11:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2010-07-05T00:11:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>        Se Cioran il nichilista scopre l'amore assoluto                di...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
           &lt;div class=&quot;Titolo_big&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;Se Cioran il nichilista scopre l'amore assoluto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;artAutore&quot;&gt;di Mario Bernardi Guardi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;newsSottotitolo&quot;&gt;Fonte: &lt;a title=&quot;secolo d'italia&quot; href=&quot;http://www.secoloditalia.it/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;secolo d'italia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3 class=&quot;entry-title post-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;newsSottotitolo&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://robertoalfattiappetiti.blogspot.com/2010/06/se-cioran-il-nichilista-scopre-lamore.html&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot; href=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LwFwC1uPVBg/TCe-tQ68C0I/AAAAAAAAUWc/2Ue6IwAZXHk/s1600/alex&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LwFwC1uPVBg/TCe-tQ68C0I/AAAAAAAAUWc/2Ue6IwAZXHk/s400/alex&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; height=&quot;251&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Se c'è uno scrittore che, per la sua vocazione apocalittica e il suo moralismo bruciante, cupo e derisorio, si presta a definizioni &quot;tranchant&quot;, questo è Emil Michel Cioran. Di volta in volta battezzato &quot;barbaro dei Carpazi&quot;, &quot;eremita antimoderno&quot;, &quot;esteta della catastrofe&quot;, &quot;apolide metafisico&quot;, &quot;cavaliere del malumore cosmico&quot;. Ma anche lui, da buon Narciso, ci ricamava sopra e sulla sua &quot;carta di identità&quot; scriveva cose come &quot;idolatra del dubbio&quot;, &quot;dubitatore in ebollizione&quot;, &quot;dubitatore in trance&quot;, &quot;fanatico senza culto&quot;, &quot;eroe dell'ondeggiamento&quot;. Ora, raccontare Cioran significa fare i conti con tutti questi appellativi e prendere atto che la loro indubbia suggestione trova punti di forza in una vita per tanti versi scandalosa...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;a title=&quot;more&quot; name=&quot;more&quot; id=&quot;more&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot; href=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LwFwC1uPVBg/TCfAnxFSyOI/AAAAAAAAUWs/zcsb0BXdXqE/s1600/alex&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LwFwC1uPVBg/TCfAnxFSyOI/AAAAAAAAUWs/zcsb0BXdXqE/s320/alex&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Visto che prima del Cioran &quot;parigino&quot;- è nel 1937 che il Nostro approda in Francia -, capace di confezionare le sue aureee sentenze nihilistico-gnostiche in un brillantissimo francese, c'è un Cioran duro e puro, di fiera stirpe rumena, che fa propri i miti del radicamento e dell'identità, simpatizzando per il fascismo di Codreanu e delle sue Guardie di Ferro, e scrivendo un bel po' di cose &quot;compromettenti&quot;. Di questo, Antonio Castronuovo in un agile profilo pubblicato da Liguori, &lt;em&gt;Emil Michel Cioran&lt;/em&gt; (pp.100, euro 11,90), dà solo rapidi cenni, ricordando che, comunque, Emil Michel dedica un intero capitolo del suo &quot;Sommario di decomposizione&quot;, alla &quot;Genealogia del fanatismo&quot;, collocandosi così &quot;all'opposto delle fascinazioni giovanili&quot;. E cioè delle, chiamiamole così, &quot;fascio-fascinazioni&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot; href=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LwFwC1uPVBg/TCfATq7f3OI/AAAAAAAAUWk/wb1rbiM07W4/s1600/alex&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LwFwC1uPVBg/TCfATq7f3OI/AAAAAAAAUWk/wb1rbiM07W4/s320/alex&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Ora, Castronuovo fa bene a ricordarci, con la consueta eleganza, il grande &quot;stilista&quot; e il grande &quot;moralista&quot;, lo scrittore impertinente e beffardo che si interroga sul senso della vita e della morte, il chierico extravagante che cerca di stanare Dio dai suoi misteri e dai suoi abissali silenzi. E tuttavia siamo convinti che Cioran e altri &quot;dannati&quot; dello scorso secolo - Pound e Céline, Drieu e Heidegger, Eliade e Jünger, tanto per fare i primi nomi che ci vengono in mente - non debbano essere alleggeriti dalle loro &quot;responsabilità&quot; con la vecchia storia dei &quot;peccati di gioventù&quot;, una specie di rituale giustificativo-assolutorio che li &quot;disinfetta&quot; e li rende &quot;presentabili&quot;, ma toglie loro qualcosa, e cioè la &quot;ragioni&quot; di una scelta. Per scandalose che possano apparire alle &quot;animule vagule blandule&quot; del &quot;politicamente corretto&quot;. Ed è per questo che, a suo tempo, non ci è dispiaciuto il saggio di Alexandra Laignel-Lavastine &lt;em&gt;Il fascismo rimosso: Cioran, Eliade, Ionesco nella bufera del secolo&lt;/em&gt; che, sia pure con una &quot;vis&quot; polemica non aliena da faziosità, si sforza di illuminare/documentare le stazioni di una milizia intellettuale che sarebbe sbagliato ignorare o sottovalutare. Non si può esaurire la forza testimoniale di Cioran nell'ambito delle acuminate provocazioni, immaginandone la vita come una fiammeggiante costellazione di (coltissime) invettive. Sia dunque reso merito a Friedgard Thoma che ci racconta un Cioran innamorato (&lt;em&gt;Per nulla al mondo. Un amore di Cioran&lt;/em&gt;, a cura e con un saggio di Massimo Carloni, (&lt;em&gt;L'orecchio di Van Gogh&lt;/em&gt;, pp.160, € 14,00), addirittura un Cioran &quot;maniaco sentimentale&quot;: un genio dell'aforisma, ma anche un umanissimo, fragile, tenero settantenne, tutto preso da lei, giovane insegnante tedesca di filosofia e letteratura, che, folgorata dalla lettura del libro &lt;em&gt;L'inconveniente di essere nati&lt;/em&gt;, nel febbraio del 1981 gli ha scritto una calda lettera di ammirazione. C'è da stupirsi del fatto che Cioran non fosse &quot;corazzato&quot; di fronte ai complimenti di una donna intelligente e affascinante? Come, lui, l'apocalittico, così inerme, così indifeso! Eppure, in &lt;em&gt;Sillogismi dell'amarezza&lt;/em&gt; è proprio il &quot;barbaro dei Carpazi&quot; a invitarci a tenere la guardia alta di fronte al vorticoso nichilismo degli &quot;apocalittici&quot; e magari a scavarvi dentro. «Diffidate - scrive - di quelli che voltano le spalle all'amore, all'ambizione, alla società. Si vendicheranno di avervi &quot;rinunciato&quot;. La storia delle idee è la storia del rancore dei solitari». Dunque, Cioran, uomo di idee ma anche di emozioni, compiaciuto per quella lettera affettuosa, risponde immediatamente alla sua &quot;fan&quot;, con un mezzo invito ad andarlo a trovare a Parigi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Lei, che ci tiene ad essere una interlocutrice culturale e cita Walser, Hölderlin e Gombrowicz, non manca di allegare alla risposta una sua foto. E siccome si tratta di una donna giovane - capelli sciolti, bocca carnosa, sguardo intenso -, &lt;em&gt;le coeur en hiver&lt;/em&gt; di Cioran comincia a battere furiosamente. Lui stesso le confesserà un paio di mesi dopo: «Tutto in fondo è cominciato dalla foto, con i suoi occhi direi». E' una tempesta dei sensi, un'&quot;eruzione emotiva&quot;. Ancor più incontrollabile, allorché lei decide di trascorrere qualche giorno a Parigi. Lui va a prenderla all'hotel e arriva dieci minuti prima: è «un uomo di costituzione fragile, con un ciuffo di capelli grigi, arruffati, e gli occhi dello stesso colore». Lei «cerca di apparire attraente, indossando un abito nero non troppo corto, sotto un lungo cappotto chiaro». Seguono conversazioni, passeggiate, cene, visite a musei, telefonate… Cioran vive una sorta di voluttuoso invasamento, al punto che, quando lei torna a Colonia, le scrive con spudorata audacia: «Ho compreso in maniera chiara di sentirmi legato sensualmente a lei solo dopo averle confessato al telefono che avrei voluto sprofondare per sempre la mia testa sotto la sua gonna». Poi, è lui ad andarla a trovare in Germania. «Vestita di rosso e nero», Friedgard lo accoglie alla stazione. Lui è innamorato pèrso, lei, sedotta intellettualmente, continua a sedurlo fisicamente, senza nulla concedere. Lui soffre, la chiama «mia cara zingara», le scrive: «Non capisco cosa sto cercando ancora in questo mondo, dove la felicità mi rende ancora più infelice dell'infelicità». Friedgard vuol tenere intatte &quot;venerazione e amicizia&quot;, parlando di autori e di libri, entrando nella sua intimità, portando alla luce le sue contraddizioni. Ma confessando anche, con franchezza: «Dunque, caro: lei mi ha trascinato nell'immediatezza inequivocabile d'una relazione fisica, mentre io cercavo l'erotica ambiguità della relazione &quot;intellettuale&quot;». Proprio quella che a Cioran non basta. È innamorato, desidera la giovane prof. con una sensualità &quot;vorace&quot;, le fa scenate di gelosia perché lei, ovviamente, ha un &quot;compagno&quot; cui è legata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot; href=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LwFwC1uPVBg/TCfA57qGj8I/AAAAAAAAUW0/FcwOkR6j3EE/s1600/alex&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LwFwC1uPVBg/TCfA57qGj8I/AAAAAAAAUW0/FcwOkR6j3EE/s200/alex&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;147&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;«Sono vulnerabile - le scrive - e nessuno quanto Lei può ferirmi tanto facilmente». E consolarlo, anche. Così, la immagina nelle vesti di una suora, &quot;dalla voce sensuale però&quot;. E come uno studentello inebriato d'amore, che non rinuncia alle battute, confessa che vorrebbe morire insieme a lei: «A una condizione, però, che ci mettessero nella stessa bara». Così potrebbe raccontarle tante cose, «tante, ancora non dette».&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Non manca nemmeno la proposta di matrimonio. Friedgard annota: «Al telefono, Cioran si dilettava volentieri con la proposta di sposarmi, contro tutti i suoi principi, addirittura secondo il rito ortodosso (&quot;su questo devo insistere&quot;), il che per lui significava essere cinti entrambi da corone. Quante risate, su un sogno triste». Un sogno che, così, non poteva continuare. La non appagata, sofferta, estrema accensione dei sensi di Emil «s'incanalerà negli anni lungo i binari d'una tenera, affettuosa amicizia». Nella cui calma piatta si spengerà fatalmente la &quot;tentazione di esistere&quot;, carne e spirito almeno una volta insieme.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;newsSottotitolo&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;Tante altre notizie su&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a title=&quot;www.ariannaeditrice.it&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ariannaeditrice.it/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;www.ariannaeditrice.it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>De slapeloze uit Rasinari</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2010/06/16/de-slapeloze-uit-rasinari.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2010-06-23:2792847</id>
        <updated>2010-06-23T00:10:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2010-06-23T00:10:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>        De slapeloze uit Răşinari                    Ex:...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
          &lt;h3 class=&quot;post-title&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://planetcioran.blogspot.com/2006/10/de-slapeloze-uit-rasinari.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/02/545886308.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;cioran2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; float: left; margin: 0.2em 1.4em 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-2516619&quot; name=&quot;media-2516619&quot; /&gt;De slapeloze uit Răşinari&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;post-header-line-1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;post-body&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;Ex:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cioran.eu/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;http://www.cioran.eu/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terwijl ik met kromme rug gebogen zat in het archief van de Provinciale Zeeuwsche Courant, met als doel informatie te vergaren over een zekere historische periode van het stadje Terneuzen, van belang voor een verantwoording in het boek van een lokale auteur, stuitte ik op een artikel in de krant van 21 december 1934. Het artikel in de kunstbijlage - de laatste decennia zeer gewaardeerd vanwege de prettige opmaak en degelijke medewerking van scribenten als Hans Warren en Alfred Kossmann, maar na de restyling van 2001 voorlopig helaas verworden tot een moeilijk te herkennen katern - van de hand van ene Ramses P. Verbrugge, trok mijn aandacht. In de eerste plaats omdat het stuk handelde over een auteur die mij niet bekend was, namelijk E. M. Cioran, en in de tweede plaats omdat bij verder lezen het stuk mij fascineerde. De gerecenseerde auteur fascineerde mij, alsmede Verbrugge's aanpak en ontboezeming dat Cioran's debuut hem de stuipen op het lijf had gejaagd. Verbrugge's mening was overigens geformuleerd in het Zeeuws, met alle oa's en sch's inbegrepen, en niet te doorgronden voor buitenstaanders. Omdat ik geboren ben in Terneuzen - mijn achternaam is een symbool van haar rumoerige internationale havenverleden - heb ik mij in ieder geval enigszins in staat geacht een vrije vertaling te produceren, na het lezen van de bovenstaande Engelse vertaling uit 1992. Hier het resultaat.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;De slapeloze uit Răşinari&lt;br /&gt; E. M. Cioran, On the heights of despair&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/373/298169287104412/1600/cioran_despair.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/373/298169287104412/200/cioran_despair.jpg&quot; style=&quot;float: left; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; cursor: hand;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;De Roemeense schrijvende filosoof E. M. Cioran, maakt mij bijzonder neerslachtig, maar doet mij daarvan de waarde realiseren. Met nadruk krijgt deze filosoof hier de voornaam 'schrijver' aangereikt. Zeer bekwaam is hij met woorden. Filosofie bij Cioran is van vlees en bloed, en moet daarom ook met het zwaard geschreven worden. Gaandeweg het boek doemde de impressie bij mij op dat zijn persoonlijke ontboezemingen, die meermaals als bijlage terugkeren, naast verstrengeld te zijn in de stukken - ook al erg ongebruikelijk in de filosofie - ertoe dienen om de filosofische wanhoop te bezweren. Maar die wanhoop - de ultieme wanhoop: de dood - is het enige waar we mee uit de voeten kunnen, want de logiek van de Griekse wijsgeren heeft voor Cioran afgedaan. Alleen door de lyriek beleven we de subjectieve chaos die ons universum beheerst.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;'I despise the absence of risks, madness, and passion in abstract thinking. How fertile live, passionate thinking is! Lyricism feeds it like blood pumped into the heart!'&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; En:&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;'Haven't people learned yet that the time of superficial intellectual games is over, that agony is infinitely more important than syllogism, that a cry of despair is more revealing than the most subtle thought, and that tears always have deeper roots than smiles?'&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Cioran's lyrisme van de wanhoop is ironisch, poëtisch, arrogant, paradoxaal en gewelddadig. Hij laat zijn licht schijnen over moderne zaken zoals hij daar noemt: vervreemding, absurditeit, het pijnlijke van het bewustzijn en de ziekte van de rede. Hij doet dat in zesenzestig korte, bondige, heftige hoofdstukken, alle gevuld met stevige aforismen. Nietzscheaans is Cioran in zijn afwijzing van het middelmatige, maar die is niet despotisch, want op lijden staat geen maat - lijden is altijd intern, nooit extern. Cioran gaat uit van zijn eigen lijden, dat een oorsprong heeft: slapeloosheid. Cioran lijdt aan slapeloosheid, en naar het schijnt heeft hij de kunde van het fietsen opgepakt om na uren en uren gefiets te proberen thuis in zijn kleine en schamele appartement in slaap te vallen. Vaak tevergeefs. Zijn fysieke gesteldheid is navenant en wordt de basis van zijn filosofie, zoals we lezen in Facing silence:&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; 'Chronic fatigue predisposes to a love of silence, for in it words lose their meaning and strike the ear with the hollow sonority of mechanical hammers; concepts weaken, expressions lose their force, the word grows barren as the wilderness. The ebb and flow of the outside is like a distant monotonous murmur unable to stir interest or curiosity. Then you think it useless to express an opinion, to take a stand, to make an impression; the noises you have renounced increase the anxiety of your soul. After having struggled madly to solve all problems, after having suffered on the heights of despair, in the supreme hour of revelation, you will find that the only answer, the only reality, is silence.'&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Ziekte, de eenzaamheid van de stilte maakt een mens lucide en doet hem de nietsheid ervaren. Hij moet die schrijnende kans met beide handen aangrijpen: 'Only the sick man is delighted by life and praises it so that he won't collapse.' Dit uitgangspunt voert de jonge Roemeense auteur naar verscheidene lyrische uitweidingen, die over de problematiek van de zelfmoordneiging zijn niet ondervertegenwoordigd. Met de zesenzestig hoofdstukken verwierf hij aan een universiteit in een grote stad (welke wordt niet duidelijk in de verantwoording) een plaats in Berlijn, alvorens een eindthese te schrijven over het Bergoniaanse intutionisme. Hij is pas drieëntwintig jaren jong en geboren te Răşinari, een klein, idyllisch Transsylvaans dorpje. Zal hij niet als een kwade zombie laveren tussen de zwartgeschaduwde stadsbussen en centrummuren?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/373/298169287104412/1600/Rasinari_Church.0.png&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/373/298169287104412/320/Rasinari_Church.0.png&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; cursor: hand;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kerk te Răşinari - Januari 2005&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Titels als The premonition of madness, Nothing is important, The world in which nothing is solved, Total dissatisfction, en The return to chaos geven een indruk van de beladen thematiek en haar behandeling; een stuk als Enthousiasm as a form of love geeft de speelsheid in die zwaarte weer. Mooi vind ik bovendien de stukken waarin Cioran zelf lijkt te balanceren, wild maar elegant te koorddansen, tussen het gewicht van zijn thema en de verwoording ervan. In The cult of infinity, een pleidooi voor de eindeloosheid, buigt hij zich over muziek.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;'One of the principal elements of infinity is its negation of form. Absolute becoming, infinity destroys anything that is formed, crystallized, or finished. Isn't music the art which best expresses infinity because it dissolves all forms into a charmingly ineffable fluidity? Form always tends to complete what is fragmentary and, by individualizing its contents, to eliminate the perspective of the universal and the infinite; thus it exists only to remove the content of life from chaos and anarchy. Forms are illusory and, beyond their evanescence, true reality reveals itself as an intense pulsation. The penchant for form comes from love of finitude, the seduction of boundaries which will never engender metaphysical revelations. Metaphysics, like music, springs from the experience of infinity. They both grow on heights and cause vertigo. I have always wondered why those who have produced masterpieces in these domains have not all gone mad. Music more than any other art requires so much concentration that one could easily, after creative moments, lose one's mind. All great composers ought to either commit suicide or become insane at the height of their creative powers. Are not all those aspiring to infinity on the road to madness? Normality, abnormality, are notions that no longer mean anything. Let us live in the ecstasy of infinity, let us love that which is boundless, let us destroy forms and institute the only cult without forms: the cult of infinity.'&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In de Kansas City Star van 11 november 1934 observeert een journalist, William Allen White, dat Franklin Delano Roosevelt 'has been all but crowned by the people.' Zijn radiopraatjes voor de openhaard nemen de mensen voor hem in, maar de depressie beklijft. In de Abessijnse stad Walwal is het 4 december tot een vuurgevecht gekomen tussen Italiaanse en Abessijnse troepen. Over de zelfmoord op 7 december van een Noorse zeeman in pension City in de Terneuzense Nieuwstraat blijft de commissaris in het ongewisse. Over het onbenullige van geschiedenis schrijft Cioran in History and eternity, ons ademloos achterlatend door een originele visie: geschiedenis is een nutteloos vacuüm?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;'By outstripping history one acquires superconciousness, an important ingredient of eternity. It takes you into the realm where contradictions and doubts lose their meaning, where you can forget about life and death. It is the fear of life and death that launches men on their quest for eternity: its only advantage is forgetfulness. But what about the return from eternity?'&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Met deze sporadische vraag geraken we tot het enige minuscule Socratische trekje in Cioran. De slapeloze lyriek van deze gewelddadige schrijver en filosoof zal hopelijk nog zoveel mogelijk open wonden open houden.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aldo Fujimori&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Cioran: martyr ou bourreau?</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2010/04/19/f8ef9bb82d06ce552fd053cd8ce93892.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2010-04-23:2708994</id>
        <updated>2010-04-23T00:05:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2010-04-23T00:05:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>        Cioran : martyr ou bourreau&amp;nbsp;?                  Réflexions sur le...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
          &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 28.8pt; text-align: left; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; letter-spacing: 0.9pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;Cioran : martyr ou bourreau&amp;nbsp;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 28.8pt; text-align: left; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;Réflexions sur le renversant faux-pas d'un politicien libéral&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;par José Javier ESPARZA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 10.2pt; text-align: center;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 10.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Comic Sans MS&amp;quot;; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: comic sans ms,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Cioran. Que n'aura-t-on pas dit de Cioran ? Pour certains commentateurs, ce n'est qu'un écrivain qui publie des aphorismes médiocres, ce n'est que l'auteur d'une «&amp;nbsp;philosophie pour concierges&amp;nbsp;»&amp;nbsp;; pour d'autres, il est le meilleur écrivain vivant de langue française. Entre ces deux extrêmes, on trouve un immense éventail d'opinions de valeurs diverses. Ce que l'on n'avait jamais dit de Cioran, c'est qu'il était fasciste. Mais aujourd'hui, c'est fait&amp;nbsp;; on ne voit pas bien pourquoi, mais un politicien libéral espagnol lui a attribué la paternité idéologique du phénomène Le Pen !&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 10.2pt; text-align: center;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-line-height-alt: 10.2pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le renversant faux-pas du politicien libéral&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/02/1195941322.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;cioran.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; float: right; margin: 0.2em 0 1.4em 0.7em;&quot; id=&quot;media-2413405&quot; name=&quot;media-2413405&quot; /&gt;Ce n'est pas une blague. Cette opinion a bien été émise&amp;nbsp;: par Lorenzo Bernaldo de Quirós, membre de la &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Junta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Directiva del Club Liberal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;de Madrid qui fait bruyamment état de ses opinions philo­sophiques très particulières dans le supplément « Papeles para la Libertad » publié chaque semai­ne par le quotidien&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Ya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(1). &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Dans l'un de ses ar­ticles, intitulé « Plus jamais Auschwitz », paru le 12 janvier 1988, Bernaldo de Quirós lançait un avertissement au monde libre, menacé par un danger imminent : Le Pen, locomotive d'un fas­cisme populiste, inspiré à son tour par un autre fascisme, plus dangereux, le fascisme intellectuel dont Bernardo de Quirós attribuait la responsa­bilité à une constellation étrange d'auteurs très différents les uns des autres : « Montherland » (il veut sans doute dire Montherlant), Fernando Sa­vater (2), Alain de Benoist et le penseur roumain Emil Cioran. Et de citer en note l'œuvre de ce dernier « El aciago domingo » (il se réfère peut-ê­tre à « El aciago Demiurgo »,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Le mauvais démiur­ge&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot;&gt;en trad. esp.). Par le biais d'une opération grossière d'amalgame des concepts, Bemaldo de Quirós les rend tous responsables (de façon plus ou moins importante) de la paternité des idées anti-chrétiennes, tragiques et anti-libérales qui menacent le bon ordre régnant en Occident : l'or­dre libéral.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le raisonnement de Bemaldo de Quirós n'est pas habituel. Peut-être plus accoutumé au tissu gros­sier des discours économistes qu'aux subtilités et aux clairs-obscurs de la pensée philosophique, le madrilène libéral confond tout avec tout pour éla­borer vaille que vaille la réflexion suivante (qui n'est pas toujours explicite) dans son article&amp;nbsp;: 1) le phénomène du populisme xénophobe devient à la mode (?) en France&amp;nbsp;; 2) en réalité, il y a plus important que cette vague politique immédiate­ment perceptible&amp;nbsp;: l'existence en coulisse de pen­seurs comme Montherlant ou Alain de Benotst qui défendent des idées anti-chrétiennes et « aristocratisantes » ; 3) or, de Benoist «&amp;nbsp;copie Cioran » ; et Savater aurait sa part de responsabilités dans la popularisation de Cioran en Espagne&amp;nbsp;; 4) ces au­teurs s'appuient sur les thèses des historiens révisionnistes (?) qui nient l'holocauste juif (des références, svp...) ; 5) comme on ne peut plus défendre aujourd'hui une xénophobie antijuive, on prêche pour une xénophobie anti-africaine, et nous voici revenus à Le Pen, la boucle est bou­clée. Naturellement, Bemaldo de Quirós n'écrit pas « Cioran est fasciste » mais son discours im­plicite est transparent lorsqu'il dit que de Benoist (qui, par conséquent, serait aussi «&amp;nbsp;fasciste&amp;nbsp;») co­pie Cioran.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si nous devions juger la pensée libérale en nous basant sur des opinions comme celle-là, nous de­vrions conclure que le libéralisme espagnol ne peut générer qu'une pensée malade, peureuse et hystérique devant tout ce qui s'oppose à l'empire du burger et de Superman. En effet, ni de Be­noist ni Savater ni probablement Cioran, ne sont d'accord avec l'empire du dollar. Mais ce n'est pas une raison pour les prendre pour des con­frères en conspiration et, moins encore, d'en fai­re les maîtres occultes de Le Pen qui, lui, par contre, ne manifeste guère son désaccord à l'égard de la domination du dollar, du nationalisme jacobin, du christianisme à la française et de Su­perman.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le bourreau&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mais la question que pose directement l'article de notre libéral madrilène n'est pas aussi intéressante que la question de fond de tout ce problème : qu'est-ce qui les irrite ? Qu'est ce qui les rend nerveux&amp;nbsp;? Qu'est ce qui les dérange tant dans le discours de Cioran, eux, les défenseurs du &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;statu quo&lt;/i&gt; ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il ne s'agit pas ici de défendre Cioran. Dans un article consacré au philosophe roumain, Savater écrivait&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;Comment défendre les idées d'une per­sonne qui soutient que s'accrocher à une idée, c'est se construire un échafaud dans le cœur, de celui qui défend les droits de la divagation contre les certitudes du système et propose comme uni­que fondement de ses opinions, l'humour mo­mentané et spontané qui les suscite&amp;nbsp;?&amp;nbsp;» (3). Non, Cioran est drôlement indéfendable. Et c'est sa première grande vertu, sa première grande oppo­sition à l'ordre qui juge tout selon que c'est bon ou mauvais pour le futur historique (et hypothé­qué) de l'ordre libéral.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;C'est probablement bien malgré lui qu'Emil Cio­ran se mue en bourreau cruel du système qui l'entoure. Il ne pouvait en être autrement. Le courageux apatride roumain vit dans une civilisa­tion qui adore l'homme, qui idôlatre le sens de l'histoire, qui s'enfonce confortablement dans le coussin de l'Occident.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cioran méprise l'homme, l'histoire et l'Occident. Voilà ses trois péchés capitaux.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L’avenir du cyanure&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;L'homme &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;sécrète&lt;/i&gt; du désastre&amp;nbsp;» écrit Cioran, et il affirme «&amp;nbsp;Je crois au salut de l'humanité, à l'avenir du cyanure…&amp;nbsp;» (4). Le mépris de l'humain, la conviction que l'homme, cette « unité de désas­tre » (5), a déjà donné le « meilleur » de lui-même, voilà une constante qui se répète de manière in­sistante dans l'œuvre de Cioran. « Engagé hors de ses voies, hors de ses instincts – é­crit-il dans le&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Précis de décomposition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;–, l'hom­me a fini dans une impasse. Il a brûlé les étapes... pour rattraper sa fin&amp;nbsp;; animal sans avenir, il s'est enlisé dans son idéal, il s'est perdu à son propre jeu. Pour avoir vou­lu se dépasser sans cesse, il s’est figé&amp;nbsp;; et il ne lui reste comme resource que de récapituler ses folies, de les expier et d'en faire encore quelques autres&amp;nbsp;» (6). Dans&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Valéry face à ses idoles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(1970), il &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;insiste&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;Quand l'homme aura atteint le but qu'il s'est assigné&amp;nbsp;: asservir la Création – il sera com­plètement vide&amp;nbsp;: dieu et fantôme&amp;nbsp;» (7). «&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Il &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;n'est absolument pas nécessaire d'être prophète – écrit-il ailleurs – pour discerner clairement que l'homme a déjà épuisé le meilleur de lui-même, qu'il est en train de perdre sa contenance, s'il ne l'a déjà pas perdue&amp;nbsp;» (8). L'huma­nité, par ses propres mérites, est «&amp;nbsp;éjectée enfin de l'histoire&amp;nbsp;» (9).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Histoire&amp;nbsp;: banalité et apocalypse&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La passion moderne pour l'histoire est précisé­ment une autre des cibles préférées de Cioran. Pour lui, l'histoire est un «&amp;nbsp;mélange indécent de banalité et d'apocalypse&amp;nbsp;» (10). Le progrès et la modernité, formes de civilisation construites sur le culte de l'histoire et de sa contemplation uto­pique dans l'attente d'une fin heureuse, sont au­tant de bourbiers où naufrage la consternante es­pérance humaine. «&amp;nbsp;Tout pas en avant – écrit Cioran –, toute forme de dynamisme comporte quelque chose de satanique&amp;nbsp;: le &quot;progrès&quot; est l'é­quivalent moderne de la Chute, la version profa­ne de la condamnation&amp;nbsp;» (11). La même logique de la chute obscurcit le fantôme de la modernité&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;être &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;moderne&lt;/i&gt;, c'est bricoler dans l'Incurable&amp;nbsp;» (12). Inéluctabilité de la marche de l'histoire&amp;nbsp;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«&amp;nbsp;Quiconque, par distraction ou incompétence, arrê­te tant soit peu l'humanité dans sa marche, en est le bienfaiteur&amp;nbsp;» (13), affirme Cioran, en lançant un voile de terreur sur les consciences de ceux qui croyaient avoir construit la meilleure civilisa­tion qui ait jamais existé sur terre.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le spectre de l'Occident&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cette civilisation, c'est l'Occident, «&amp;nbsp;un &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;possible&lt;/i&gt; sans lendemain&amp;nbsp;» (14), une civilisation née sur les dogmes de l'humanisme et de l'historicisme. Tous deux nous apparaissent aujourd'hui comme de vieux squelettes décharnés. « Les vérités de l'humanisme – dit Cioran –, la confiance en l'homme et le reste, n'ont encore qu'une vigueur de fictions, qu'une prospérité d'ombres. L'Occi­dent &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;était&lt;/i&gt; ces vérités&amp;nbsp;: il n'est plus que ces fic­tions, que ces ombres. Aussi démuni qu'elles, il ne lui est pas donné de les vérifier. Il les traîne, les expose mais ne les &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;impose&lt;/i&gt; plus ; elles ont ces­sé d'être &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;menaçantes&lt;/i&gt;. Aussi, ceux qui s'accro­chent à l'humanisme se servent-ils d'un vocable exténué, sans support affectif, d'un vocable spectral&amp;nbsp;» (15). Image de ce spectre&amp;nbsp;: l'homme oc­cidental, un homme tourmenté, qui «&amp;nbsp;fait penser à un héros dostoïevskien qui aurait un compte en banque&amp;nbsp;» (16). De la même façon, tous les philo­sophes utopiques qui prétendirent trouver dans l'histoire un sens positif, une direction linéaire vers le meilleur, périssent&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;Il y a plus d'honnê­teté et de rigueur dans les sciences occultes que dans les philosophies qui assignent un &quot;sens&quot; à l'histoire&amp;nbsp;» (17)&amp;nbsp;; le matérialisme historique ne suppose pas en réalité un changement qualitatif quant à la providence divine&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;c'est changer simplement de providentialisme » (18).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'Occident meurt, installée à cheval sur ces deux spectres. « C'est en vain que l'Occident se cher­che une forme d'agonie digne de son passé&amp;nbsp;» (19)&amp;nbsp;; mais personne n'a intérêt à s'éveiller&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;l'Eu­rope, indifférente à ceux qui vaticinent, persévè­re allègrement dans son agonie&amp;nbsp;; agonie si obsti­née et durable qu'elle équivaut peut-être à une nouvelle vie&amp;nbsp;» (20).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cette féroce réalité que Cioran nous dévoile dans l'Occident contemporain, éclaire d'une nouvelle lumière des aspects plus quotidiens comme celui du colonialisme occidental dans ce qu'on appelle le Tiers Monde&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;L'intérêt que le civilisé porte aux peuples dits arriérés est des plus suspects. Inapte à se supporter davantage, il s'emploie à se décharger sur eux du surplus des maux qui l'accablent, il les engage à goûter à ses misè­res, il les conjure d'affronter un destin qu'il ne peut plus braver seul » (21).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;On comprend que, considérée de manière super­ficielle, cette thèse de Cioran puisse rappeler des filons bien précis de la pensée «&amp;nbsp;réactionnaire&amp;nbsp;» ou «&amp;nbsp;traditionnelle&amp;nbsp;». En effet, il connaît les mysti­ques et se méfie des utopies&amp;nbsp;; il pense que l'hom­me est plus un animal qu'un saint, mais il croit que le théologien nous comprend mieux que le zoologiste&amp;nbsp;; on pourrait donc le considérer comme un de Maistre tourmenté et faible (au sens post­moderne de l'expression). Il contribue également à la confusion quand il écrit&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;Tout semble admi­rable et tout est faux dans la vision utopique&amp;nbsp;; tout est exécrable, et tout a l’air vrai, dans les consta­tations des réactionnaires&amp;nbsp;»&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Essai sur la pensée&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;réactionnaire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;)&amp;nbsp;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;et quand il voit dans la politique «&amp;nbsp;la malédiction par excellence d'un singe méga­lomane&amp;nbsp;» (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Ibid&lt;/i&gt;.).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mais il faut laisser cette impression immédiate­ment de côté si nous voulons comprendre le reste de la férocité cioranesque. Cioran est, en effet, un bourreau aux yeux du troupeau occidental, et d'une certaine façon, un «&amp;nbsp;réactionnaire&amp;nbsp;» au sens pur du terme, cependant toute sa violence ne pro­vient pas d'une foi, elle est le résultat d'une im­mense déception, d'une condition angoissante, celle de l'«&amp;nbsp;arrêté&amp;nbsp;» à perpétuité au-dessus de l'abî­me du monde. Dans cette perspective, Cioran n'est plus un bourreau, mais un martyr&amp;nbsp;; dans ce cas, il faut écarter de ce terme tout ce qui pourrait nous suggérer héroïsme, ascèse et salut. Lui-mê­me se définit comme «&amp;nbsp;un parvenu de la névrose, un Job à la recherche d'une lèpre, un Bouddha de pa­cotille, un Scythe flemmard et fourvoyé&amp;nbsp;».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entre le dilettantisme et la dynamite&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Élément déterminant dans l'angoisse de Cioran : sa condition d'apatride. «&amp;nbsp;Un penseur – écrit-il­ – s'enrichit de tout ce qui lui échappe, de tout ce qu'on lui dérobe&amp;nbsp;: s’il vient à perdre sa patrie, quel aubaine&amp;nbsp;!&amp;nbsp;» (22). Orphelin de son appartenance et d'un enracinement, Cioran ne doit défendre au­cune vision du monde, aucun préjugé, aucune certitude. Savater a tort d'y voir une libération&amp;nbsp;; pour Cioran, oui, ça l'est, mais à un prix très élevé&amp;nbsp;: le droit au Temps et à l'histoire&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Les autres tombent dans le temps&amp;nbsp;; je suis, moi, tombé du temps&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;» (23).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Léger, détaché du temps et de l'espace, Cioran ne trouve pas d'appui non plus dans les idéolo­gies. Ici aussi, après avoir connu la fascination des extrêmes, il s'est «&amp;nbsp;arrêté quelque part en­tre le dilettantisme et la dynamite&amp;nbsp;» (24). Ni Dieu ni vie n'existent dans cet endroit. La vie est une «&amp;nbsp;combinaison de chimie et de stupeur&amp;nbsp;» (25), qui fait de la leucémie «&amp;nbsp;le jardin où fleurit Dieu&amp;nbsp;». (26). Quant à Dieu lui-même...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Face à l'orgueil divin&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«&amp;nbsp;L'odeur de la créature nous met sur la piste d'u­ne divinité fétide&amp;nbsp;» (27). Ce cruel aphorisme de Cioran peut résumer toute l'amertume de celui qui estime inconcevable une divinité seulement intelligible au départ de l'humain. Cioran se re­belle contre la bonté du créateur du mal&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;L'idée de la culpabilité de Dieu n'est pas une idée gra­tuite, mais nécessaire et parfaitement compatible avec celle de sa toute-puissance : elle seule confère quelque intelligibilité au déve­loppement historique, à tout ce qu'il contient de monstrueux, d'insensé et de dérisoire. Attribuer à l'auteur du devenir la pureté et la bon­té, c'est renoncer à com­prendre la majorité des événements, et singulièrement le plus important&amp;nbsp;: la Création&amp;nbsp;» (28). Face à l'orgueil divin, Cioran n'hésite pas à s'inscrire sur les listes du diable&amp;nbsp;: « J'ai eu beau fréquenter les mystiques, dans mon for intérieur j'ai toujours été du côté du Démon&amp;nbsp;: ne pouvant pas l'égaler par la puissance, j'ai essayé de le valoir du moins par l’insolence, l’aigreur, l’arbitraire et le caprice&amp;nbsp;» (29).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Et cependant celui qui croit voir en Cioran une nostalgie du sacré ne se trompe pas&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;Quel dom­mage que, pour aller à Dieu, il faille passer par la foi&amp;nbsp;!&amp;nbsp;» (30)&amp;nbsp;; il écrit et ajoute&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;Si je croyais en Dieu, ma fatuité n'aurait pas de bornes : je me promènerais tout nu dans les rues...&amp;nbsp;» (31). Nostalgie ou furie – chez Cioran, c'est la même chose – l'écueil divin est probablement la raison ultime de sa pensée, de son attitude devant la vie et de son attitude face à sa propre œuvre. Une œuvre à laquelle Cioran accorde une importance énorme, non à cause de son contenu mais à cau­se de son effet cathartique, de sa fonction matéria­lisatrice de la rébellion intime. Et c'est ici, dans cette révolte, que l'on doit s'installer pour com­prendre Cioran, pour situer sa férocité et son dé­sir délibéré du scandale.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vengeance en paroles&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Mais avant tout&amp;nbsp;: devons-nous comprendre Cio­ran ? Il est difficile d'aborder avec bonne cons­cience l'épineux Roumain. Dans&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.3pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Syllogismes de l'amertume&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.3pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;, il &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;prévient les audacieux&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;Tout commentaire d'une œuvre est mauvais ou inutile, car tout ce qui n'est pas direct est nul&amp;nbsp;» (32). Et dans une lettre à Savater, il affirme à propos de Borgès une chose qui pourrait bien s'appliquer à lui-même&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;À partir du moment où tout le monde le cite, on ne peut plus le citer, ou, si on le fait, on a l'impression de venir grossir la masse de ses &quot;admirateurs&quot;, de ses ennemis&amp;nbsp;» (33).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Faisons donc abstraction de la vantardise bien compréhensible de l'analyste, car nous ne pouvons éviter de commenter l'auteur. Et signalons, qu'en écrivant, Cioran se libère, se rebelle, se venge, se drogue&amp;nbsp;; c'est là la raison de son œu­vre : «&amp;nbsp;J'écris pour ne pas passer à l'acte, pour é­viter une crise. L'expression est soulagement, revanche indirecte de celui qui ne peut di­gérer une honte et qui se rebelle &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;en paroles&lt;/i&gt; contre ses semblables et contre soi. (…) Je n'ai pas écrit une seule ligne à ma température nor­male. (…) Écrire est une provocation, une vue heureusement fausse de la réalité qui nous place &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;au-dessus&lt;/i&gt; de ce qui existe et de ce qui nous semble être. Concurrencer Dieu, le dé­passer même par la seule vertu du langage, tel est l'exploit de l'écrivain, spécimen ambigu, déchiré et infatué qui, sorti de sa con­dition naturelle, s'est livré à un vertige superbe, déconcertant toujours, quelquefois odieux&amp;nbsp;» (34).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;En dernière extrémité, nous pourrions dire que Cioran écrit selon sa mauvaise humeur&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;Je n'ai rien inventé – écrit-il –, j’ai été seulement le secré­taire de mes sensations » (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Écartèlement&lt;/i&gt;). Et il ne s'agit pas d'un faux jugement mais d'un jugement insuffisant. Les grogneries littéraires de Cioran ont porté une certaine critique, globale et aimable, si bien qu'en réalité, toute sa férocité n'est qu'un simple exercice de style&amp;nbsp;; il refuse ainsi toute espèce de vraisemblance avec la passion de l'apatride rou­main, il réduit tout son discours à une simple pratique ludique&amp;nbsp;; il insulte par conséquent le fus­tigateur de la condition humaine et il méprise le contenu de l'hérésie pour faire l'éloge de son expression propre. Banal. La littérature carnivore de Cioran est volontairement hérétique&amp;nbsp;; mais mê­me si elle ne l'était pas, toute sa capacité subver­sive s'y trouve, c'est indéniable, elle fait son ef­fet et parvient à convaincre ceux qui ne sont pas d'accord car, comme l'écrit Cioran, «&amp;nbsp;l'hérésie représente la seule possibilité de revigorer les consciences, […] en les secouant, elle les préser­ve de l'engourdissement où les plonge le confor­misme&amp;nbsp;» (35).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;En tout cas, ce ne sera pas l'auteur qui nous en­lèvera ce doute. Cioran juge délibérément avec cette ambivalence, avec cette ambiguïté. Il sait que c'est la seule façon de durer. Dans son essai sur Joseph de Maistre, il écrit quelque chose qu'il semble dire à propos de lui-même&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;sans ses contradictions, sans les malentendus qu’il a, par instinct ou calcul, créés à son propre sujet, son cas serait liquidé depuis longtemps, sa carrière close, et il connaîtrait la malchance d'être compris, la pire qui puisse s'abattre sur un auteur&amp;nbsp;» (36).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Qu'ils s'alarment...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C'est évident : face à une réalité aussi complexe que celle de l'écrivain Cioran, les propos de tous les Bernaldos de Quirós circulant dans ce vaste monde ne sont que des mesquineries pour feuilletons américains. Autre évidence&amp;nbsp;: impliquer l'a­patride tourmenté dans ce genre de questions po­liticiennes soulevées par exemple par un Le Pen relève de la plus solennelle des bêtises. Les raci­nes de la philosophie de Cioran, cette philoso­phie tragique et anti-humaniste, qui semble telle­ment effrayer nos bons libéraux espagnols, véhi­cule une culture qui est européenne jusque dans la moëlle, depuis cinq mille ans au moins&amp;nbsp;! Et confondre cette philosophie plurimillénaire avec un politicien français de cette fin de siècle, peu porté par ailleurs sur les excès intellectuels, est une exagération un peu alarmante.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mais c'est peut-être de cela qu'il s'agit : alarmer les gens. Non pas d'alarmer les gens parce que telle ou telle philosophie existe envers et contre la volonté des conformistes, mais d'alarmer les bonnes consciences, couleur de rose, parce qu'un Cioran, génial et cruel, récupère, illustre, diffuse et affirme la seule chose qui, aujour­d'hui, peut conjurer le fantasme de l'Occident&amp;nbsp;: la tragédie, l'anti-humanisme, l'éloge de la Chute, toutes sorties valables pour une civilisation qui, en effet – bien qu'elle ne veuille pas s'en rendre &lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;compte – est déjà tombée.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Qu'ils s'alarment. Peu importe. Plus personne n'écoute. Pendant ce temps, la pensée de Cioran, une pensée barbare, éloignée des chaires et des conférences mondaines, devenue paradoxale­ment dangereuse parce qu'elle est désormais commercialisable (et peut-être commercialisable aujourd'hui précisément parce qu'elle est bar­bare), mine convictions et bétonnages. Cette «&amp;nbsp;herméneutique des larmes&amp;nbsp;» (ainsi Cioran défi­nit-il son style dans&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Des larmes et des saints&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.3pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;paraît s'emboîter à la perfection dans les angoisses contemporaines.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;En 1934, dans une œuvre encore écrite en rou­main,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.3pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Pe culmile disperarii&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.3pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;Sur les cimes du désespoir&amp;nbsp;»), Cioran écrivait&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;Est-ce que l'exis­tence sera pour nous un exil et le néant une pa­trie&amp;nbsp;?&amp;nbsp;». Aujourd'hui, nous avons tous déserté l'existence&amp;nbsp;; aujourd'hui nous habitons tous le néant. Devons-nous nous étonner que l'angoisse de Cioran nous apparaisse comme sœur jumelle de notre propre angoisse&amp;nbsp;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Les réactionnaires du XIXème siècle ont réagi contre le XVIIIème siècle en proposant un retour au XVIème siècle. Si aujourd'hui, en fin de modernité, il faut être réactionnaire (et soyons provocant&amp;nbsp;: il n'est jamais mauvais d'être «&amp;nbsp;réac­tionnaire&amp;nbsp;», de réagir face aux phénomènes de dé­clin), seul peut l'être – et l'être dignement – le style de Cioran : sans propositions, sans alterna­tives. Le néant contre le vide&amp;nbsp;; l'angoisse doublée du râle face à la mort de toute illusion. C'est ce­la, finalement, la véritable dimension de Cioran : l'esthétique –puisqu'il n'y a plus d'éthique – menaçante d'une barbarie, en apparence fondée sur les Lumières, qui, seule, peut mettre un point final tragique à plus (ou beaucoup plus) de deux cents ans de civilisation à l'enseigne de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.3pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;l'&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Aufklärung&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;José Javier ESPARZA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(1) Malgré son caractère superficiel fréquent, la lecture de ce supplément est à recommander. On y découvre tous les préjugés classiques de la droite libérale espagnole qui, au­jourd'hui, affectée par la «&amp;nbsp;vague Reagan&amp;nbsp;», tente de remplir sa malle doctrinale de thèses réductionnistes et économi­cistes, propres à l'anti-pensée libérale. Antérieurement, ce même supplément avait consacré à la post-modernité, nouveau monstre à trois têtes, une série d'opinions vrai­ment délirantes.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(2) La persécution de Femando Savater parait s'être trans­formée en nouveau sport national. L'année passée et au cours d'un hommage rendu à Ché Guevara, Savater fut du­rement apostrophé et qualifié de «&amp;nbsp;fasciste&amp;nbsp;» par une partie du public présent, tout cela pour avoir dit que le Ché était «&amp;nbsp;comme un bon Rambo ».&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Peu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;après, le politicien démo­crate-chrétien et historien pro-américain Javier Tussell s'en prenait à l’auteur de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;La Tarea del héroe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;(«&amp;nbsp;La Tâche du héros&amp;nbsp;») en l'accusant d'«&amp;nbsp;irresponsabilité intellectuelle&amp;nbsp;» à cause de ses déclarations critiques envers la fièvre mo­narchique espagnole. Aujourd'hui, Bemaldo de Quirós le rend en partie responsable du parrainage de Le Pen parce qu'«&amp;nbsp;il copie Cioran » (?), Sans doute, la pensée de Savater est très critiquable mais, à notre avis, pas à cause de ces trois « crimes de pensée » qu'on lui impute à droite comme à gauche et qui constituent, justement, autant d'élans de lucidité chez ce philosophe qui suscite la polémique.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot; lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;(3) F. Savater, «&amp;nbsp;El indefendibile e indefenso Cioran », in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot; lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Quimera&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot; lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, 4, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;febrero 1981.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Syllogismes de l'amertume&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(5) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Précis de décomposition&lt;/i&gt;. (6) &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;op. cit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(7) «&amp;nbsp;Valéry face à ses idoles », texte repris dans le volume intitulé&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;Exercices d'admiration&amp;nbsp;: Essais et portraits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(Galli­&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;mard).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(8) &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;L'enfer du corps&amp;nbsp;», essai paru dans&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Le Monde&lt;/i&gt;, 3 fé­&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;vrier&lt;/span&gt; 1984.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(9) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;La chute dans le temps&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(10) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Précis de décomposition&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(11) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;La chute dans le temps&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;(12) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Syllogismes de l'amertume&lt;/i&gt;. (13) &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;ibid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(14) &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;ibid. (15) ibid.&lt;/span&gt; (16) &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;ibid.&lt;/span&gt; (17) &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;ibid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(18) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Essai sur la pensée réactionnaire&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(19) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Syllogismes de l'amertume&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(20) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Essai sur la pensée réactionnaire&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(21) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;La chute dans le temps&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(22) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Essai sur la pensée réactionnaire&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(23) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;La chute dans le temps&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(24) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Syllogismes de l'amertume&lt;/i&gt;. (25) &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;ibid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(26) &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;ibid.&lt;/span&gt; (27) &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot;&gt;ibid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(28) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Essai sur la&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;pensée&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;réactionnaire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;. (29) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;ibid. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(30) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Syllogismes de l'amertume&lt;/i&gt;. (31) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;op.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;cit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(32) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;ibid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;(33) &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Exercices d’admiration&lt;/i&gt;. (34) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;ibid. &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot;&gt;(35)&lt;/span&gt;ibid. &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;&quot;&gt;(36)&lt;/span&gt;ibid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;&quot; lang=&quot;FR&quot; xml:lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cioran à Paris en 1949, au moment où venait de pa­raître son premier ouvrage en français, le Précis de décomposition. Cioran a appris le français grâce à un invalide de la Grande Guerre, virtuose de la lan­gue basque et de la langue française, érotomane délicat qui arpentait les boulevards de Montparnasse. Cet homme l'a exhorté à relire !es auteurs du XVIIlème siècle, à imiter leur perfection. Dans un interview accordé au philosophe allemand Gerd Bergfleth, Cioran rend hommage à cet inva­lide du Pays Basque, ce puriste de la langue et de la grammaire (Emil M. Cioran, Ein Gespräch, ge­führt von Gerd Bergfleth, Rive Gauche/Konkurs­buchverlag, Tübingen, 1985; Cioran a donné cette entrevue en langue alle­mande ; le texte original en est donc le texte alle­mand).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Cioran: une pensée contre soi héroïquement positive</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2010/04/19/17f3fb2ca1fa46dc6cf1e66817d1754e.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2010-04-23:2709056</id>
        <updated>2010-04-23T00:05:00+02:00</updated>
        <published>2010-04-23T00:05:00+02:00</published>
        <summary>            Liliana  Nicorescu               Cioran&amp;nbsp;: une pensée contre...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
          &lt;div class=&quot;auteur&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/01/98909244.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;cioran44444.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-2413521&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;Liliana &lt;span class=&quot;smallcaps&quot;&gt;Nicorescu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;h2 class=&quot;titre-doc&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;Cioran&amp;nbsp;: une pensée contre soi héroïquement positive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;texte paranumber&quot;&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;Ex:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.revue-analyses.org/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;http://www.revue-analyses.org/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Être le «&amp;nbsp;héros négatif&amp;nbsp;» de son temps, c’est, selon Cioran, trahir&amp;nbsp;celui-ci : participer ou non aux tourments de son époque, c’est toujours faire le mauvais choix, se leurrer. Comme Cioran lui-même fut le «&amp;nbsp;héros négatif&amp;nbsp;» d’un «&amp;nbsp;Âge trop mûr&amp;nbsp;», l’étude que lui consacre Sylvain David se veut une «&amp;nbsp;approche “sociale”&amp;nbsp;» d’une œuvre qui fait l’apologie de la marginalité et du désistement. L’enjeu est d’explorer les ressources esthétiques et sociales de l’écriture d’un misanthrope plus ou moins sociable, qui s’est déclaré «&amp;nbsp;métaphysiquement &lt;em&gt;étranger&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;» et dont l’ambition fut de s’adresser à «&amp;nbsp;la communauté des exclus, des &lt;em&gt;unhappy few&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;» (p. &amp;nbsp;11) — les faibles, les ratés, son segment favori de lecteurs — vivant, tout en en étant conscients, dans une modernité aux accents spengleriens ou nietzschéens, nommée tantôt «&amp;nbsp;décadence&amp;nbsp;», tantôt «&amp;nbsp;déclin&amp;nbsp;», tantôt «&amp;nbsp;crépuscule&amp;nbsp;», tantôt «&amp;nbsp;monde finissant&amp;nbsp;». Vivre et écrire en marginal participe d’un «&amp;nbsp;héroïsme négatif&amp;nbsp;», c’est-à-dire «&amp;nbsp;de la chute&amp;nbsp;», «&amp;nbsp;de la décomposition&amp;nbsp;», de la pensée «&amp;nbsp;contre soi&amp;nbsp;» («&amp;nbsp;le seul geste héroïque possible encore à l’homme moderne&amp;nbsp;»), au fondement duquel l’auteur place la quête d’«&amp;nbsp;une posture digne à opposer à l’inconvénient ou à l’inconvenance de la condition de l’homme moderne &amp;nbsp;» (p.&amp;nbsp;17), d’une réponse lucide, parfois fataliste, aux questions incontournables de la modernité. C’est, selon Sylvain David, la source même de l’écriture cioranienne et de la posture négativement héroïque d’une œuvre qui s’articule autour de la dualité entre le sujet et la collectivité, d’une identité sapée par le doute, et d’un «&amp;nbsp;penser contre soi-même&amp;nbsp;» assidûment professé par l’auteur des &lt;em&gt;Cimes du désespoir&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn1&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L’analyse de l’œuvre cioranienne passe — plus que jamais, après la mort de l’essayiste — par l’étape roumaine de sa création littéraire. Depuis onze ans, la question fondamentale est, selon certains critiques, de concilier «&amp;nbsp;l’aristocrate du doute&amp;nbsp;» et l’«&amp;nbsp;antisémite de conviction&amp;nbsp;». Le «&amp;nbsp;dévoilement du voile&amp;nbsp;» annoncé par Alexandra Laignel-Lavastine en 2002 ne tente pas Sylvain David, qui, tout en reconnaissant une «&amp;nbsp;historicisation&amp;nbsp;» de la pensée cioranienne dans la deuxième étape de création de l’auteur de &lt;em&gt;La Transfiguration de la Roumanie&lt;/em&gt;, refuse de l’historiciser &lt;em&gt;in corpore&lt;/em&gt; ou à rebours et, par conséquent, de juger l’œuvre française en fonction de l’œuvre roumaine. La «&amp;nbsp;seconde naissance&amp;nbsp;» de Cioran passe, certes, par l’historicisation de sa pensée&amp;nbsp;: celui qui prônait dans son premier livre roumain l’«&amp;nbsp;héroïsme de la résistance et non de la conquête&amp;nbsp;» allait admirer quelques années plus tard Corneliu Zelea-Codreanu et Hitler, pour s’attaquer ensuite à toute forme de fanatisme, d’engagement politique. Par conséquent, la tension fondamentale de l’œuvre cioranienne sera «&amp;nbsp;la relation conflictuelle d’un homme avec son époque, son milieu, si ce n’est avec lui-même&amp;nbsp;» (p.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;23).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn2&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Les rapports entre l’écriture et le désengagement constituent la première partie du livre, intitulée &lt;em&gt;Un discours (a)social&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;Les trois premiers livres français de Cioran (&lt;em&gt;Précis de décomposition&lt;/em&gt;, 1949; &lt;em&gt;Syllogismes de l’amertume&lt;/em&gt;, 1952; &lt;em&gt;La Tentation d’exister&lt;/em&gt;, 1956) sont empreints de la certitude du déclin, de la décadence, de l’éternelle erreur. Si l’esprit moderne est marqué par «&amp;nbsp;la négativité et le relativisme&amp;nbsp;» (p. 24), l’œuvre de Cioran se distinguera non seulement en tant que «&amp;nbsp;dénonciation du caractère insidieux de l’esprit moderne&amp;nbsp;», mais aussi en tant que «&amp;nbsp;discours (a)social&amp;nbsp;» (p.&amp;nbsp;29). Dans cette période de passage, le segment français de l’œuvre cioranienne dénonce, juge et accuse systématiquement l’aspect politique, engagé, des écrits roumains. À cette époque, Cioran essaie de «&amp;nbsp;se distancier d’une certaine incarnation de lui-même, de ce qu’il a déjà été&amp;nbsp;» (p.&amp;nbsp;30). L’affirmation ne laissera aucun cioranien (ou cioranomane!) indifférent et place l’auteur de cet essai dans le camp modéré des lecteurs/exégètes de celui qui est accusé de «&amp;nbsp;fuite lâche&amp;nbsp;», de mémoire sélective, de mensonge et, surtout, de conservation du credo antisémite. Lire l’œuvre française de Cioran n’est pas, pour Sylvain David, «&amp;nbsp;tenter de déterminer ce qu’a pu dire, ou faire, exactement l’essayiste, au cours des années 1930, mais plutôt de voir ce qu’il en pense, avec le recul, au moment où il entame sa nouvelle carrière&amp;nbsp;» (p.&amp;nbsp;30). À l’encontre de ceux qui parlent de l’«&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;insincérité&lt;/em&gt; permanente&amp;nbsp;» de Cioran ou de son antisémitisme foncier et permanent, Sylvain David croit que «&amp;nbsp;[p]lutôt que de commodément vouer son égarement de jeunesse à l’oubli&amp;nbsp;», il convient de considérer que Cioran «&amp;nbsp;revient inlassablement sur son expérience afin de comprendre et, éventuellement, dépasser les motivations qui ont pu le pousser à agir de la sorte&amp;nbsp;» (p.&amp;nbsp;30).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn3&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;En s’attaquant à la racine du Mal, de l’Intolérance, du Fanatisme, Cioran poursuit et accomplit un besoin d’expiation, de purification de ses jeunes égarements. La «&amp;nbsp;rage tournée contre soi&amp;nbsp;», la «&amp;nbsp;négativité&amp;nbsp;» se trouvent au cœur de cette écriture&amp;nbsp;centrée sur la condition de l’homme moderne et qui réfléchit sur celle de l’écrivain dans une société de plus en plus politisée, de plus en plus divisée, de plus en plus radicalisée. La «&amp;nbsp;poétique du détachement&amp;nbsp;» qui illustre cette première étape de création française prend déjà contour dans le &lt;em&gt;Précis de décomposition&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Exercices négatifs&lt;/em&gt; à l’origine) que Cioran publiera en 1947 et s’articule non seulement autour de la «&amp;nbsp;dénonciation de toute forme de dogmatisme ou d’intransigeance&amp;nbsp;» (p.&amp;nbsp;36), mais aussi autour de l’écriture éclatée, fragmentaire, opposée, dira Cioran, à «&amp;nbsp;la tentation de conclure&amp;nbsp;». Cette écriture fragmentée, fracturée&amp;nbsp;est une expression de la modernité dans la mesure où la philosophie, le premier amour de l’essayiste, est, estime-t-il, incapable d’expliquer le monde ou le temps, qui mesure plutôt l’irrationalité contemporaine, le volet culturel de la durée, la fracture de la connaissance, du moi, la décomposition de la pensée et la décadence du Verbe. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn4&quot; lang=&quot;fr-FR&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;fr-FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cette étape créatrice du métèque correspond à un métissage esthétique, autrement dit à l’éclatement de la forme littéraire, dont le principal matériau, la langue, se dissout et s’incarne sous diverses formes&amp;nbsp;: le doute se radicalise et se détache du discours philosophique impersonnel et systémique. Aux idées abstraites, Cioran, devenu «&amp;nbsp;penseur d’occasion&amp;nbsp;», préfère la connaissance empirique; l’écrivain est un sceptique déçu par la philosophie (universitaire ou non), un moraliste qui, avant d’observer les gens, doit «&amp;nbsp;dépoétiser sa prose&amp;nbsp;». L’idée que «&amp;nbsp;toute démiurgie verbale se développe aux dépens de la lucidité&amp;nbsp;» conduit à l’esthétisation de la négation, à la «&amp;nbsp;négativité esthétique&amp;nbsp;» (p.&amp;nbsp;95),&amp;nbsp;à travers laquelle l’écriture mesure et dénonce le déclin inéluctable d’un monde, d’un système de valeurs partagées.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn5&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La deuxième partie&amp;nbsp;de l’étude de Sylvain David — intitulée &lt;em&gt;De l’histoire de la fin à la fin de l’histoire&lt;/em&gt; — a pour fondement «&amp;nbsp;le grand récit de la Chute&amp;nbsp;». Le corpus (&lt;em&gt;Histoire et utopie&lt;/em&gt;, 1960; &lt;em&gt;La&amp;nbsp;Chute dans le temps&lt;/em&gt;, 1964&amp;nbsp;; &lt;em&gt;Le mauvais démiurge&lt;/em&gt;, 1969) propose une relecture de la Genèse,&amp;nbsp;dont le centre nerveux est le panorama de la vanité que déplore l’Ecclésiaste. Au centre de la deuxième étape de l’œuvre française de Cioran, on trouve le «&amp;nbsp;Cioran de la maturité&amp;nbsp;». Placé également sous le signe de la négation, ce deuxième segment français de l’œuvre cioranienne met en scène un moi lui-même fragmenté, décomposé,&amp;nbsp;qui ne met plus en question ses égarements de jeunesse, mais ses accès de pessimisme, de scepticisme. Sur le plan de l’écriture, l’aphorisme est supplanté par l’essai, dont les thèmes&amp;nbsp;centraux sont l’homme, le péché originel, la chute, le temps historique et l’Occident moribond. Dans l’herméneutique cioranienne, le péché originel s’appelle la «&amp;nbsp;douleur originelle&amp;nbsp;» et la Chute vient couronner «&amp;nbsp;l’inaptitude au bonheur&amp;nbsp;» des descendants d’Adam et Ève; leur «&amp;nbsp;don d’ignorance&amp;nbsp;» est le seul à les rendre heureux.&amp;nbsp;Lucifer, quant à lui, n’eut qu’à saper «&amp;nbsp;l’inconscience originelle&amp;nbsp;» du couple primordial et de sa progéniture — dont l’«&amp;nbsp;inconvénient&amp;nbsp;» d’exister fut la seule fortune —, ce qui laissa cet univers à la discrétion d’un «&amp;nbsp;mauvais démiurge&amp;nbsp;». Conséquence directe du péché originel, la chute dans le temps est en même temps une chute vers la mort&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;avancer&amp;nbsp;» et «&amp;nbsp;progresser&amp;nbsp;» sont des concepts distincts chez Cioran, car aller vers la mort est un &lt;em&gt;progrès&lt;/em&gt; vers l’involution, vers la disparition&amp;nbsp;non seulement des hommes (ou des peuples), mais aussi des cultures, des civilisations sujettes au temps historique. Fatalement,&amp;nbsp;l’«&amp;nbsp;abominable Clio&amp;nbsp;» enchaîne l’homme et le laisse «&amp;nbsp;en proie au temps, portant les stigmates qui définissent à la fois le temps et l’homme&amp;nbsp;». Séduite par l’élan vers le pire, l’humanité court vers sa perte, autrement dit, vers l’avenir&amp;nbsp;: c’est plus fort qu’elle, car, écrit Cioran dans ses &lt;em&gt;Écartèlements&lt;/em&gt;, «&amp;nbsp;[l]a fin de l’histoire est inscrite dans ses commencements&amp;nbsp;».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn6&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La troisième partie&amp;nbsp;— &lt;em&gt;Une autobiographie sans événements&lt;/em&gt; (incluant &lt;em&gt;De l’inconvénient d’être né&lt;/em&gt;, 1973; &lt;em&gt;Aveux et anathèmes&lt;/em&gt;, 1987; &lt;em&gt;Écartèlement&lt;/em&gt;, 1979&amp;nbsp;: &lt;em&gt;Exercices d’admiration&lt;/em&gt;, 1986) — correspond à un réinvestissement du temps présent complètement dépolitisé. La réflexion qui accompagne cet héroïsme négatif se fait en trois volets&amp;nbsp;: le malheur (plus ou moins inventé) de l’homme moderne, l’écriture fragmentaire en tant que miroir d’un univers atomisé, désagrégé, inachevé, et le défi stoïque, positivement connoté, de l’héroïsme négatif de Cioran, autrement dit, «&amp;nbsp;le courage de continuer à vivre et à écrire à l’encontre de ses propres conclusions, de son propre savoir&amp;nbsp;» (p.&amp;nbsp;26). Les piliers de cette «&amp;nbsp;autobiographie sans événements&amp;nbsp;» sont le suicide et la «&amp;nbsp;(re)naissance&amp;nbsp;».&amp;nbsp;La biographie de Cioran fut marquée par un suicide jamais commis, puisqu’on ne peut pas tuer une idée. Ce que Cioran retient du suicide, c’est l’idée de se donner la mort, pas l’acte en soi&amp;nbsp;: «&amp;nbsp;sans l’idée du suicide — estimait-il — on se tuerait sur-le-champ! » D’ailleurs, si celui qui se vantait d’avoir «&amp;nbsp;tout sacrifié à l’idée du suicide, même la mort&amp;nbsp;», ne s’est pas suicidé, c’est parce que, disait-il plus ou moins amèrement, de toute façon, «&amp;nbsp;on se tue toujours trop tard&amp;nbsp;». La même biographie fut également marquée par «&amp;nbsp;l’inconvénient d’être né&amp;nbsp;», voire d’être né Roumain, par les «&amp;nbsp;affres de la lucidité&amp;nbsp;», par les tortures du paradoxe, par l’effort de reconstruction intérieure et de mise en scène d’un moi aliéné. Dans le Paris aggloméré et automatisé, le regard du métèque s’arrête sur des gens que personne ne voit, venus, eux aussi, d’ailleurs, ou bien sur des clochards-philosophes. Sa lucidité — autrement dit, son «&amp;nbsp;inaptitude à l’illusion&amp;nbsp;»&amp;nbsp;— fut celle d’une tribu sceptique, fataliste, anhistorique, celle de ces analphabètes brillants qui savent depuis toujours que l’homme est perdu et qui lui ont inculqué cette lucidité en même temps que «&amp;nbsp;l’envergure pour gâcher sa vie&amp;nbsp;».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn7&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Étant lui-même un paradoxe vivant, Cioran ne put mettre en scène qu’une paradoxale série de représentations de soi&amp;nbsp;: le moraliste qui, avant d’observer les hommes, se donne comme devoir primordial de «&amp;nbsp;dépoétiser sa prose » tend la main à un être lucide pris pour un sceptique; le «&amp;nbsp;parvenu de la névrose&amp;nbsp;» est le frère du «&amp;nbsp;Job à la recherche d’une lèpre&amp;nbsp;»&amp;nbsp;; le «&amp;nbsp;Bouddha de pacotille&amp;nbsp;» cherche la compagnie tourmentée d’un «&amp;nbsp;Scythe flemmard et fourvoyé&amp;nbsp;», «&amp;nbsp;idolâtre et victime du pour et du contre&amp;nbsp;», d’un «&amp;nbsp;emballé divisé d’avec ses emballements&amp;nbsp;», d’un «&amp;nbsp;délirant &lt;em&gt;soucieux d’objectivité&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;», d’un «&amp;nbsp;douteur en transe&amp;nbsp;» ou d’un «&amp;nbsp;fanatique sans credo&amp;nbsp;». Cette rhétorique du paradoxe et de l’opposition projette, selon Sylvain David, non seulement l’image d’un marginal, d’un &lt;em&gt;étranger&lt;/em&gt;, d’un exclu, d’un apatride métaphysique, mais également et surtout un jeu de contraires qui trouve son plaisir esthétique dans les contorsions, dans les volutes élégamment orchestrées par une pensée organiquement écartelée «&amp;nbsp;entre scepticisme et besoin de croire, entre lucidité et illusion vitale&amp;nbsp;» (p.&amp;nbsp;273). Cette mise en scène du moi artistique participe d’un «&amp;nbsp;métacommentaire » qui prolonge non seulement «&amp;nbsp;une détestation de soi primaire&amp;nbsp;» (en tout cas, moins importante, semble-t-il), mais surtout d’«&amp;nbsp;une forme d’amour trahi ou d’orgueil blessé&amp;nbsp;» (p.&amp;nbsp;275). La visée de celui qui se voulait «&amp;nbsp;le secrétaire de [s]es sensations&amp;nbsp;» n’est pourtant aucunement narcissique, mais plutôt viscérale, car, disait-il, ce ne sont pas nos idées, mais nos sensations et nos visions — parce qu’elles «&amp;nbsp;n’émanent pas de nos entrailles&amp;nbsp;» et sont «&amp;nbsp;véritablement &lt;em&gt;nôtres&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;» — qui peuvent, qui doivent nous définir. Cet attachement au sensoriel est, observe Sylvain David, l’apogée de l’héroïsme négatif de Cioran&amp;nbsp;: en parlant de sensations et de visions qui sont les siennes, pas les nôtres — c’est-à-dire «&amp;nbsp;non partagées avec le commun&amp;nbsp;» —, le &lt;em&gt;dernier&lt;/em&gt; Cioran défend son héroïsme négatif en explorant ce que son passé, son identité, ses souvenirs ont de négatif. Cet effort expiatoire est plus qu’une catégorie esthétique&amp;nbsp;: il s’impose en tant que garantie morale de l’œuvre de maturité d’un homme «&amp;nbsp;désintégré&amp;nbsp;».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn8&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sur les ruines d’un univers déserté par les dieux, un penseur inclassable vint installer son Verbe ahurissant, héritier de la sobriété et de l’élégance des moralistes dont il se réclamait comme descendant légitime, aussi bien que de la saveur amère et de la souplesse de sa langue maternelle. Seuls l’aphorisme ou le fragment pouvaient représenter cet univers morcelé, éclaté. À l’encontre de Ionesco ou de Beckett, qui ont exploré l’absurde du langage, Cioran resta plutôt un &lt;em&gt;classique&lt;/em&gt;, car, bien que conscient des mots, il a cherché, au-delà de la fonction poétique de la langue, à faire passer ses négations au niveau de la rhétorique; son univers n’est pas l’absurde, mais le paradoxe qui repose sur toute une série de &lt;em&gt;malgré&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;: poursuivre sa réflexion, malgré la déception que provoque chez lui la philosophie, malgré le mal que provoque sa propre conscience (ou sa propre lucidité); écrire, malgré les doutes quant à la capacité de son écriture à définir sa conception du monde; publier, malgré un nombre restreint de lecteurs et le dégoût que provoque en lui le flux éditorial parisien.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn9&quot; lang=&quot;fr-FR&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;fr-FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certes, Cioran a écrit parce que, disait-il, chaque livre est «&amp;nbsp;un suicide différé&amp;nbsp;». Paradoxalement ou non, son héroïsme négatif n’est ni agressif ni virulent, mais plutôt la représentation concrète de son aptitude — qui l’aurait cru? — «&amp;nbsp;au compromis stoïque&amp;nbsp;», de sa «&amp;nbsp;capacité de se mouler aux circonstances de la modernité sans jamais pour autant s’y diluer ou s’y travestir&amp;nbsp;» (p. 326). Il ne lui restait qu’à devenir «&amp;nbsp;le sceptique de service&amp;nbsp;» d’un monde en agonie ou «&amp;nbsp;le secrétaire de [s]es sensations&amp;nbsp;», puisque «&amp;nbsp;être le secrétaire d’une sainte&amp;nbsp;» n’a pas été la chance de sa vie.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn10&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le Cioran français est, selon certains exégètes du moraliste, le masque du Cioran roumain séduit, dans les années 1930, par le mouvement nationaliste roumain et qui, une fois établi en France, n’a fait que réécrire ses livres roumains, afin de cacher ses jeunes égarements tout en restant fidèle à ses anciens credo. À l’encontre de certains de ses prédécesseurs, Sylvain David met au cœur de sa lecture de l’œuvre française de Cioran le fondement esthétique et social de l’art du fragment, dont l’auteur du &lt;em&gt;Mauvais démiurge&lt;/em&gt; fut le maître incontesté. Complètement dépolitisés, les paradoxes cioraniens retrouvent toute leur beauté et leur profondeur et construisent, par le biais d’une analyse aussi subtile qu’objective, le parcours sinueux, mais combien passionnant, d’un «&amp;nbsp;héroïsme à rebours&amp;nbsp;».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn11&quot; lang=&quot;fr-FR&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;fr-FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn12&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Compte rendu par&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lettres.uottawa.ca/Analyses/Nicorescu.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Liliana Nicorescu&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn13&quot; lang=&quot;fr-FR&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;fr-FR&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;pn14&quot; lang=&quot;en-US&quot; class=&quot;texte&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Référence&amp;nbsp;: Sylvain David, &lt;em&gt;Cioran. Un héroïsme à rebours&lt;/em&gt;, Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal, coll.&amp;nbsp;« Espace littéraire&amp;nbsp;», 2006, 338&amp;nbsp;p.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;texte&quot;&gt; &lt;ul class=&quot;puce&quot;&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hautetfort.com/admin/posts/index.php?id=623&amp;amp;file=1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version PDF&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(93k)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;pourciter&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pour citer cet article : Liliana &lt;span class=&quot;familyName&quot;&gt;Nicorescu&lt;/span&gt;, «Cioran&amp;nbsp;: une pensée contre soi héroïquement positive», &lt;em&gt;@nalyses&lt;/em&gt; [En ligne], Comptes rendus, XXe siècle, mis à jour le : 27/01/2010, URL : http://www.revue-analyses.org/index.php?id=623.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>L'insolente Cioran</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/12/01/73d919c24a73eab367342cdadd380371.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2009-12-18:2493929</id>
        <updated>2009-12-18T00:15:00+01:00</updated>
        <published>2009-12-18T00:15:00+01:00</published>
        <summary>      L'insolente Cioran                   Roberto Alfatti Appetiti /...</summary>
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          &lt;h3 class=&quot;post-title entry-title&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://robertoalfattiappetiti.blogspot.com/2006/12/linsolente-cioran.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/00/00/239520639.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;e_m_cioran.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; float: left; margin: 0.2em 1.4em 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-2136682&quot; name=&quot;media-2136682&quot; /&gt;L'insolente Cioran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;post-header-line-1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;post-body entry-content&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_LwFwC1uPVBg/Rlb9SAqNuOI/AAAAAAAAAzA/MZEM1J4GuH0/s1600-h/cioranfoto.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Roberto Alfatti Appetiti /&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://robertoalfattiappetiti.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial black,avant garde;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;http://robertoalfattiappetiti.blogspot.com/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dal mensile &lt;em&gt;Area&lt;/em&gt;, giugno 2001&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_LwFwC1uPVBg/Rlb9FAqNuNI/AAAAAAAAAy4/AvgFFFbIfiE/s1600-h/area+maggio.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«La mia missione è di uccidere il tempo e la sua di uccidermi a sua volta. Ci si trova perfettamente a proprio agio tra assassini». Con questa dichiarata volontà e nella convinzione che «chiunque non sia morto giovane merita di morire» Emile Michel Cioran, poeta, filosofo, saggista ha condotto il suo personalissimo duello con la vita, «il più grande dei vizi», sino al 20 giugno del 1995, giorno in cui è morto a Parigi.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; A sei anni dalla scomparsa di questo affascinante esponente della cultura europea del Novecento, arrivano nelle librerie italiane i Quaderni 1957 - 1972. L’opera raccoglie il prezioso contenuto di trentaquattro taccuini, ritrovati dopo la sua morte, ora pubblicati da Adelphi in un ponderoso tomo di oltre mille pagine, per la delizia di noi lettori. Si tratta degli appunti più intimi di uno sferzante fustigatore della modernità, «scettico di servizio in un mondo alla fine», scritti nel lungo arco di tempo che va dal giugno 1957 al novembre 1972. Vi si trovano, tenuti insieme da una scrittura iperbolica e densa di suggestioni incantatrici, riflessioni, sentenze fulminanti, ritratti strabilianti, descrizioni minuziose di significativi episodi vissuti, aneddoti e paradossi. Soprattutto emerge, tra le righe, l’animo inquieto di un artista affamato d’assoluto, di uno spirito religioso senza religione, di uno scrittore lucido e delirante al tempo stesso, che per la sua natura contraddittoria sfugge ad ogni classificazione, tanto da definirsi egli stesso un «idolatra del dubbio, un dubitatore in ebollizione, un dubitatore in trance, un fanatico senza culto, un eroe dell’ondeggiamento».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Francese d’adozione, Cioran rimane uno scrittore di stirpe rumena e sentimenti balcanici. Nasce a Rasinari (Sibiu) in Transilvania l’8 aprile del 1911 e i Carpazi sono i compagni della sua adolescenza. Rimane sempre legato alla «madre patria immersa nella bruma» anche quando nel 1937 decide di lasciare l’insegnamento nei licei e accettare una borsa di studio a Parigi, «piccola Bucarest […] la sola città del mondo dove si poteva essere poveri senza vergogna, senza complicazioni, senza drammi, la città ideale per essere un fallito». Ed infatti la sua vita parigina è caratterizzata da quel modus vivendi studentesco che Robert Brasillach definiva «l’eminente dignità del provvisorio», ben descritto da Mario Bernardi Guardi nella monografia che il mensile Diorama Letterario ha dedicato nel maggio 1991 (n.148) a Cioran, profeta della decadenza: «Provinciale d’ingegno e studente ribaldo, legge e scrive, ma va anche in giro in bicicletta per i Pirenei e la Bretagna. E vive, fino a quarant’anni, da avventuroso adolescente: ha in tasca pochi soldi, dorme negli ostelli, abita nelle soffitte, alloggia negli albergucci, mangia alla mensa universitaria».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Con sofferenza matura la decisione di rinunciare alla sua lingua d’origine per scrivere in francese. «Ho scritto in rumeno fino al ’47. Quell’anno mi trovavo in una casetta a Dieppe, e traducevo Mallarmé in rumeno. Di colpo, mi son detto: Che assurdità! Che senso ha tradurre Mallarmé in una lingua che nessuno conosce? Allora ho rinunciato alla mia lingua. Mi sono messo a scrivere in francese, ed è stato difficilissimo, perché, per temperamento, la lingua francese non mi si addice. Io ho bisogno di una lingua selvaggia, di una lingua da ubriaco. Il francese è stato per me una camicia di forza».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sono invece in rumeno, questa «mistura di slavo e latino, idioma privo di eleganza ma poetico», le sue opere giovanili. A soli ventitre anni scrive un saggio di «sfida al mondo», Al culmine della disperazione (Adelphi 1998), che riscuote un certo successo e viene premiato.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nel 1937 pubblica Ascesa della Romania. Vi si scorge un Cioran ancora attento all’attualità politico culturale, persino interventista nel dibattito del suo paese: «Nessuno può dirsi nazionalista se non soffre infinitamente del fatto che la Romania non possiede la missione storica di una grande cultura e che un imperialismo culturale e politico come quello delle grandi nazioni non possa appartenerle; non è nazionalista chi non può credere con fanatismo alla repentina sublimazione della nostra storia». Nello stesso periodo scrive: «La cultura rumena vive attualmente il suo momento decisivo: abbandonare dietro di sé la tragedia di una cultura su piccola scala e, attraverso le sue imprese in materia di teorie, d’arte, di politica e di spiritualità, compiere un destino specificamente aggressivo da grande cultura. Lo sforzo dei rumeni deve dunque mirare a strappare il loro paese dalla periferia della storia per condurlo sul proscenio…».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Insieme a numerose personalità della cultura, come lo storico delle religioni Mircea Eliade, si schiera a fianco della Legione dell’Arcangelo Michele. E’ una stagione brevissima, prevale presto lo scetticismo e la sfiducia in ogni rivoluzione. Anni dopo scriverà: «Ogni progetto è una forma di schiavitù». E anche: «Mi basta sentire qualcuno parlare sinceramente di ideale, di avvenire, di filosofia, sentirlo dire noi con tono risoluto, invocare gli altri e ritenersene l’interprete, perché io lo consideri mio nemico».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prima di partire per la Francia pubblica a sue spese Lacrime e Santi (Adelphi 1990) e qualche anno dopo il suo ultimo libro in lingua rumena, Il tramonto dei pensieri. Si appassiona a Shakespeare e Baudelaire, a Dostoevskij, agli antichi gnostici, a Buddha e Pascal.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lo influenzano soprattutto Spengler e Schopenhauer, suo «grande Patrono, boicottato dalla tromba degli utopisti, senza parlare di quella dei filosofi» e Nietzsche. Sono in molti a paragonarlo al grande tedesco, dal filosofo spagnolo Fernando Savater, allievo ed amico di Cioran nonché traduttore delle sue opere e autore della biografia Cioran, un angelo sterminatore (Frassinetti 1998), a Jean François Revel che lo definisce «il solo rappresentante letterariamente riuscito dell’arte dell’aforisma dopo Nietzsche».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Termina presto l’idillio con la filosofia, («ha vinto l’incantesimo della filosofia», scrisse Alain De Benoist), che abbandona per abbracciare «l’esperienza, le cose vissute, la follia quotidiana». Preferisce finire «prima in una fogna che su un piedistallo». Detesta la pedanteria dei filosofi, piuttosto che sposare dogmi vuole demolirne. Ritiene l’erudizione un pericolo mortale per l’umanità. «Il sapere […] ci condurrà inesorabilmente alla rovina», avverte.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Soprattutto Cioran non vuole rinunciare al suo «dilettantismo»: «Se fossi costretto a rinunciarvi è nell’urlo che vorrei specializzarmi». Le sue opere, in effetti, gridano, nell’intento di svegliare le coscienze dal torpore morale: «scuotendole, le preservo dallo snervamento in cui le sommerge il conformismo». In esse vibra un’energia baldanzosa e vitale che stride, solo apparentemente, con la sfiducia di Cioran.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La sua critica pungente si rivolge all’uomo contemporaneo, capace solo di «secernere disastro», alla ragione, «la ruggine della nostra civiltà», alla storia, «indecente miscela di banalità e apocalisse», al progresso, «l’ingiustizia che ogni generazione commette nei confronti di quella che l’ha preceduta» e al colonialismo occidentale nel Terzo Mondo, «l’interesse degli uomini civili per i popoli che vengono chiamati arretrati è molto sospetto, incapace di sopportarsi ancora, l’uomo civilizzato scarica su questi popoli l’eccedenza dei mali che lo opprimono, li incita a condividere le proprie miserie, li scongiura di affrontare un destino che ormai non può più affrontare da solo».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eppure, pur esprimendo un inconfutabile pessimismo, Cioran non può essere ritenuto semplicisticamente un nichilista. Non si limita ad annunciare la catastrofica fine dell’occidente, ma invita tutti ad una vera e propria rivolta morale. Come ha scritto Bernardi Guardi il suo è comunque un messaggio positivo: «C’è da indietreggiare davanti a tanta copia d’angoscia. Eppure l’umor nero di Cioran, mettendoci in guardia contro tutto, paradossalmente ci insegna a riscoprire tutto, a fare carne e sangue di ogni esperienza, prima fra tutte quella del dolore, della religione, della morte».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C’è in lui, infatti, una robusta vena di sensibilità sociale, scevra di ogni forma di retorica, scarna e proprio per questo più sincera. E’ singolare come tale sentimento conviva con l’aristocratico distacco rispetto alle sorti del mondo che caratterizza questo autore solitario e metafisico.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La sua insofferente misantropia lo porta a scrivere feroci battute come queste: «appena si esce nella strada, alla vista della gente, sterminio è la prima parola che viene in mente […] quando passo giorni e giorni in mezzo a testi in cui si tratta unicamente di serenità, di contemplazione, di spoliazione, mi viene voglia di uscire per la strada e spaccare il muso al primo che incontro». La tolleranza diventa «una civetteria da agonizzanti». Malgrado affermazioni così temerarie Cioran non ha dubbi: «Ci si deve schierare con gli oppressi in ogni circostanza, anche quando hanno torto, senza tuttavia dimenticare che sono impastati con lo stesso fango dei loro oppressori». L’auspicio è quello di un mondo liberato dal lavoro, dove la gente possa «uscire in strada e non fare più nulla. Tutta questa gente abbrutita, che sgobba senza sapere perché, o si illude di contribuire al bene dell’umanità, che fatica per le generazioni future sotto l’impulso della più sinistra delle illusioni, si vendicherebbe allora di tutta la mediocrità di una vita vana e sterile, di tutto questo spreco di energia privo dell’eccellenza delle grandi trasfigurazione».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Per Cioran la scrittura non è un mestiere, ma un atto liberatorio. Si domanda: «Cosa sarei diventato senza la facoltà di riempire delle pagine. Scrivere significa distrarsi dei propri rimorsi e dei propri rancori, vomitare i propri segreti. Lo scrittore è uno squilibrato che si serve di quelle finzioni che sono le parole per guarirsi». Chiamato in numerose università a tenere dei corsi, rifiuta asserendo che ne è incapace, perché «ogni idea mi ripugna nel giro di un quarto d’ora».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In Italia, negli anni del più ortodosso fondamentalismo marxista, i suoi libri sono stati a lungo ignorati, in quanto ritenuti politicamente scorretti. Solo le edizioni del Borghese dettero alla luce due sue opere, Storia e Utopia (1969) e I nuovi Dei (1971), libro, quest’ultimo, ristampato successivamente anche dall’editore Ciarrapico nella bella collana de I classici della controinformazione, diretta da Marcello Veneziani.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Solo diverso tempo dopo ed in Italia soprattutto grazie ad Adelphi, che ne ha tradotto, nel corso degli ultimi quindici anni, quasi tutta l’opera, il grande pubblico ha potuto godere di buona parte dei suoi scritti, tra i quali la stessa Storia e Utopia (ovviamente trascurando di fare riferimenti alle precedenti edizioni), Il funesto demiurgo, L’inconveniente di essere nati, La caduta nel tempo, La tentazione di esistere, Sommario di decomposizione, Sillogismi dell’amarezza, Squartamento e Esercizi di ammirazione.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In questo libro, in particolare, conosciamo un Cioran anomalo, non più sarcastico ma, al contrario, persino generoso nel giudicare alcuni personaggi della cultura suoi contemporanei, tra i quali gli amati Eliade, Borges e De Maistre.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sul futuro delle sue opere Cioran ha dichiarato: «Il destino dei miei libri mi lascia indifferente. Credo però che qualcuna delle mie insolenze resterà». Noi invece siamo convinti che la sua opera rimarrà di assoluta attualità, così come la sua figura di provocatore “insolente”.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A tal proposito la definizione che Cioran ha dato del grande pensatore reazionario Joseph de Maistre, è per noi, lettori devoti, la più adatta a descrivere proprio il grande rumeno: «Senza le sue contraddizioni, senza i malintesi che, per istinto o calcolo, alimentò sul proprio conto, il suo caso sarebbe stato liquidato da tempo, ed oggi soffrirebbe la disgrazia di essere capito, la peggiore che possa abbattersi su un autore».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;post-footer&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;post-footer-line post-footer-line-1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;post-author vcard&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana,geneva;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pubblicato da &lt;span class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Roberto Alfatti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>La revelacion de Emil Cioran</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/02/12/la-revelacion-de-emil-cioran.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2009-02-12:2022894</id>
        <updated>2009-02-12T00:10:00+01:00</updated>
        <published>2009-02-12T00:10:00+01:00</published>
        <summary>         La revelación de Emile Ciorán    &amp;nbsp;    Abel Posse     &amp;nbsp;...</summary>
        <content type="html" xml:base="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/">
           &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/02/02/1474172574.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Emil%20Cioran.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-width: 0; margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; id=&quot;media-1546743&quot; name=&quot;media-1546743&quot; /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;La revelación de Emile Ciorán&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abel Posse&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Después de muchas horas de diálogo con Emile Ciorán, me pregunté cuál es el secreto de su atracción intelectual.&lt;br /&gt; Aparentemente su negación de la filosofía académica y su defensa de un pensamiento Independiente hasta el borde de lo anárquico, podría parecer más bien un episodio final del modernismo romántico. ¿Por qué inquieta Ciorán? ¿Por qué crea adeptos mas bien rechazándoles? Se deslizó durante décadas como un antifilósofo, estimado por escritores y por un público heterogéneo pero ninguneado en el plano de la filosofía oficial, académica, &quot;seria&quot;. ¿Cuál es la clave de su sobrevivencia y de su éxito final?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La fascinación de Ciorán a través de sus libros (y particularmente de esa obra central que es La Tentación de Existir, que acaba de ser reeditada por &quot;Tauruo&quot; en la magnífica traducción de Fernando Savater) se entra en subversiva sospecha del autor contra la sacralidad, la intocabilidad, el orgullo, de la condición humana misma.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lo que nos deja Ciorán, después de la lectura de La Tentación de Existir, La Caída en el Tiempo o El Aciago Demiurgo es la de que el hombre bien podría ser tratado como un animal descastado, un indigno cósmico, en vez del semidiós, &quot;la criatura, a su imagen y semejanza&quot;, etc,.a que se tiene acostumbrado. Es como si el hombre, a partir de Ciorán, empezase a ser considerado como una pieza de discordia cósmica, un tonto o un energúmeno infatuado que en el fondo lleva a la enfermedad y la destrucción de todo lo que toca: sean sus, pares o el planeta mismo que habita.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lo que creo que no se expresó claramente en torno a Ciorán es que es tino de los primeros filósofos que nos dice que el hombre es una causa detestable, un asesino que se cree lleno he cualidades bondadosas.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La ética, hasta ahora, fue la respuesta creada por el hombre ante la sospecha (y la evidencia) de sus malas inclinaciones. Más allá de la respuesta de la ética está Ciorán ?que aunque no lo quiera está directamente ligado a Nietzsche? y que nos dice que el factor criminal del hombre, su destructividad, es la verdadera revelación del siglo XX: el hombre, a través de la tecnología, manifestó su verdadera faz inmoral, definitivamente pérfida: esto es el siglo de los campos de concentración, del hipócrita y cotidiano genocidio, Norte-Sur, de Hiroshima, y más que nada de la destrucción, del orden natural del planeta Tierra a través del desequilibrio ecológico, la contaminación, el definitivo avasallamiento del ritmo de la biosfera, de los animales y las plantas: por una especie triste, neurótica, infatuada, que ni siquiera obtiene placer de sus crímenes.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No es extraño que el ensayo La Tentación de Existir sea una crítico de ese, supuesto favorable a la vida humana y a la bondad del hombre que baña su hipocresía toda la cultura o incultura de Occidente.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dice Ciorán: “Habiendo agotado mas reservas de negociación, y quizás la negociación misma, ¿por qué no debería yo salir a la calle a gritar hasta desgañitarme que me encuentro en el umbral de una verdad, de la única válida?&quot;&lt;br /&gt; Esa verdad que conmueve a Ciorán, lo separará para siempre de los bien pensantes del mundo (desde Sartre hasta Russell).&lt;br /&gt; La solitaria repulsa de Ciorán se origina en este hecho central: al descalificar al hombre como ente privilegiado, loable, admirable y salvable, condena a muerte la tarea de esos filósofos del hombre, habitantes del ghetto del optimismo.&lt;br /&gt; Ciorán en realidad es el primer filósofo que deja de ser &quot;oficialista&quot; del partido del hombre. Se pone más allá de esa obligatoria y engreída &quot;conciencia de humanidad&quot;. Rompe el contrato, invita a que nos unamos a la opinión que de nosotros podrían tener nuestras víctimas: las plantas, los mares, los exterminados tigres de bengala, los místicos, las aves.&lt;br /&gt; ¿Por qué el hombre no va a ser algo prescindible en el orden de lo creado?&lt;br /&gt; ¿Cuál es la verdadera lectura de ese libro que sigue siendo secreto y que se llama la Biblia: qué quiere decir la parábola del ángel rebelde, la de Caín, la de la expulsión del Paraíso? ¿hemos leído bien la Biblia?&lt;br /&gt; Ciorán niega al hombre actual seguir postulándose arrogantemente y sin dudas como candidato al Paraíso. Ciorán nos dice lo que muchos podemos sentir al culminar este siglo involutivo: el hombre no solamente no merece el Paraíso sino que lo saquea y destruye. Es definitivamente un animal dañoso con peligrosísimas aptitudes...&lt;br /&gt; En un tiempo de pensamiento público pervertido por el lenguaje equívoco de la política y de los grandes intereses, la filosofía -la fracasada Filosofía, arrinconada a mera materia de examen, o a prestigiosa antigualla?, cobra una importancia dramática: junto con el arte y la religión son los únicos espacios de resistencia que nos quedan ante la presión cosificadora. Cosificadora no sólo por el materialismo de una &quot;sociedad de cosas&quot; sino porque esa sociedad termina cosificando a su protagonista, el que debería haber sido su beneficiario.)&lt;br /&gt; La filosofía es guerrilla, como afirma Gilles Deleuze. Es resistencia y ataque ante un enemigo demasiado poderoso, por el momento de apariencia invencible. La guerrilla se arma en silencio y golpea cuando y donde puede.&lt;br /&gt; Es el retorno al Ser y a sentirnos ser pese a la desolada, sometida versión de nuestro ser social, mejor: de nuestro aparecer.&lt;br /&gt; El desdoblamiento entre el yopúblico, como escribió Bergson y el yo profundo, es un fenómeno cultural que se agudiza en este tiempo de extraordinarias y velocísimas mutaciones.&lt;br /&gt; La reflexión es el mecanismo natural, privadísimo, de soldar esa peligrosa ruptura. Filosofar empieza por ser un poner esa reflexión, saber conducirla hacia objetivos. Nuestro sentimiento de existir en cuanto yo (y no en cuanto ese otro del yo publico). Filosofar es existir. En la reflexión íntima nos sentimos existir, nos sentimos en el mundo. La reflexión en estos tiempos tiene in valor similar al de la oración en este caso correo el sentimiento intimo del estar con dios, sin Dios o ante Dios).&lt;br /&gt; Filosofar es existir. Nunca como ahora, en tiempos del yo volcado hacia afuera, vale y tiene tanto peso aquel cartesiano cogito, ergo sum (pienso, luego existo).&lt;br /&gt; Ciorán es el gran guerrillero. Es un ejemplo de resistencia pensante. Piensa como resultado de una reflexión necesaria en un mundo en que la vida que se nos propone, tanto como las ideas hechas en torno a las que nos seguirnos moviendo, nos llevan a la despersonalización, a ese mundo de no?yos, de yos de los otros.&lt;br /&gt; Frente al pensamiento de los frívolos y ruidosos noveaux philosophes de la decadencia cultural francesa, o ante las parrafadas previsibles de Popper (que en nombre del liberalismo democrático oculta la realidad del genocidio económico del tercer mundo), Ciorán se alza como el representante privadísimo e insobornable de la verdadera filosofía: coraje para el compromiso con la verdad, o mejor, con lo verdadero. Hemos llegado a tal punto de ceguera subcultural que Ciorán, el negativo se erige en posibilidad de dignificación.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img name=&quot;Image1&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; src=&quot;http://visit.geocities.com/visit.gif?&amp;amp;r=http%3A//foster.20megsfree.com/index_es.htm&amp;amp;b=Microsoft%20Internet%20Explorer%204.0%20%28compatible%3B%20MSIE%207.0%3B%20Windows%20NT%206.0%3B%20SLCC1%3B%20.NET%20CLR%202.0.50727%3B%20.NET%20CLR%203.0.04506%29&amp;amp;s=1280x1024&amp;amp;o=Win32&amp;amp;c=32&amp;amp;j=true&amp;amp;v=1.2&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; id=&quot;Image1&quot; /&gt; &lt;img name=&quot;Image2&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=382026077&amp;amp;t=1233319616&amp;amp;f=es-w83&quot; alt=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;Image2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; 
        </content>
    </entry>
        <entry>
        <author>
            <name>Ratatosk</name>
            <uri>http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/about.html</uri>
        </author>
        <title>Emile Cioran and the Culture of Death</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2009/01/04/emile-cioran-and-the-culture-of-death.html" />
        <id>tag:euro-synergies.hautetfort.com,2009-01-04:1976948</id>
        <updated>2009-01-04T00:05:00+01:00</updated>
        <published>2009-01-04T00:05:00+01:00</published>
        <summary>  &amp;nbsp;                         Emile Cioran and the Culture of Death...</summary>
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           &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;center&gt; &lt;dl&gt; &lt;dd&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;border-width: 0; margin: 0.7em 0;&quot; alt=&quot;CIORAN.jpg&quot; id=&quot;media-1489010&quot; src=&quot;http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/media/01/02/2051173697.jpg&quot; name=&quot;media-1489010&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/dd&gt; &lt;dt style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dt style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline;&quot;&gt;Emile Cioran and the Culture of Death&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;/dl&gt; &lt;/center&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;by Tomislav Sunic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech held by the author at the European Synergies' Summer Conference in 2002 (Low Saxony, Germany)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Historical pessimism and the sense of the tragic are recurrent motives in European literature. From Heraclitus to Heidegger, from Sophocles to Schopenhauer, the exponents of the tragic view of life point out that the shortness of human existence can only be overcome by the heroic intensity of living. The philosophy of the tragic is incompatible with the Christian dogma of salvation or the optimism of some modern ideologies. Many modern political theologies and ideologies set out from the assumption that &quot;the radiant future&quot; is always somewhere around the corner, and that existential fear can best be subdued by the acceptance of a linear and progressive concept of history. It is interesting to observe that individuals and masses in our post-modernity increasingly avoid allusions to death and dying. Processions and wakes, which not long ago honored the postmortem communion between the dead and the living, are rapidly falling into oblivion. In a cold and super-rational society of today, someone's death causes embarrassment, as if death should have never occurred, and as if death could be postponed by a deliberate &quot;pursuit of happiness.&quot; The belief that death can be outwitted through the search for the elixir of eternal youth and the &quot;ideology of good looks&quot;, is widespread in modern TV-oriented society. This belief has become a formula for social and political conduct.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;The French-Rumanian essayist, Emile Cioran, suggests that the awareness of existential futility represents the sole weapon against theological and ideological deliriums that have been rocking Europe for centuries. Born in Rumania in 1911, Cioran very early came to terms with the old European proverb that geography means destiny. From his native region which was once roamed by Scythian and Sarmatian hordes, and in which more recently, secular vampires and political Draculas are taking turns, he inherited a typically &quot;balkanesque&quot; talent for survival. Scores of ancient Greeks shunned this area of Europe, and when political circumstances forced them to flee, they preferred to search for a new homeland in Sicily or Italy--or today, like Cioran, in France. &quot;Our epoch, writes Cioran, &quot;will be marked by the romanticism of stateless persons. Already the picture of the universe is in the making in which nobody will have&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;civic rights&lt;/span&gt;.&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn1&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn1ret&quot; id=&quot;fn1ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Similar to his exiled compatriots Eugène Ionesco, Stephen Lupasco, Mircea Eliade, and many others, Cioran came to realize very early that the sense of existential futility can best by cured by the belief in a cyclical concept of history, which excludes any notion of the arrival of a new messiah or the continuation of techno-economic progress.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Cioran's political, esthetic and existential attitude towards being and time is an effort to restore the pre-Socratic thought, which Christianity, and then the heritage of rationalism and positivism, pushed into the periphery of philosophical speculation. In his essays and aphorisms, Cioran attempts to cast the foundation of a philosophy of life that, paradoxically, consists of total refutation of all living. In an age of accelerated history it appears to him senseless to speculate about human betterment or the &quot;end of history.&quot; &quot;Future,&quot; writes Cioran, &quot;go and see it for yourselves if you really wish to. I prefer to cling to the unbelievable present and the unbelievable past. I leave to you the opportunity to face the very Unbelievable.&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn2&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn2ret&quot; id=&quot;fn2ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Before man ventures into daydreams about his futuristic society, he should first immerse himself in the nothingness of his being, and finally restore life to what it is all about: a working hypothesis. On one of his lithographs, the 16th century French painter, J. Valverde, sketched a man who had skinned himself off his own anatomic skin. This awesome man, holding a knife in one hand and his freshly peeled off skin in the other, resembles Cioran, who now teaches his readers how best to shed their hide of political illusions. Man&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;feels&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;fear only on his skin, not on his skeleton. How would it be for a change, asks Cioran, if man could have thought of something unrelated to being? Has not everything that transpires caused stubborn headaches? &quot;And I think about all those whom I have known,&quot; writes Cioran, &quot;all those who are no longer alive, long since wallowing in their coffins, for ever exempt of their flesh--and fear.&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn3&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn3ret&quot; id=&quot;fn3ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;The interesting feature about Cioran is his attempt to fight existential nihilism by means of nihilism. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Cioran is averse to the voguish pessimism of modern intellectuals who bemoan lost paradises, and who continue pontificating about endless economic progress. Unquestionably, the literary discourse of modernity has contributed to this mood of false pessimism, although such pessimism seems to be more induced by frustrated economic appetites, and less by what Cioran calls, &quot;metaphysical alienation.&quot; Contrary to J.P. Sartre's existentialism that focuses on the rupture between being and non-being, Cioran regrets the split between the language and reality, and therefore the difficulty to fully convey the vision of existential nothingness. In a kind of alienation popularized by modern writers, Cioran detects the fashionable offshoot of &quot;Parisianism&quot; that elegantly masks a warmed-up version of a thwarted belief in progress. Such a critical attitude towards his contemporaries is maybe the reason why Cioran has never had eulogies heaped upon him, and why his enemies like to dub him &quot;reactionary.&quot; To label Cioran a philopsher of nihilism may be more appropriate in view of the fact that Cioran is a stubborn blasphemer who never tires from calling Christ, St. Paul, and all Christian clergymen, as well as their secular Freudo-Marxian successors outright liars and masters of illusion. To reduce Cioran to some preconceived intellectual and ideological category cannot do justice to his complex temperament, nor can it objectively reflect his complicated political philosophy. Each society, be it democratic or despotic, as a rule, tries to silence those who incarnate the denial of its sacrosanct political theology. For Cioran all systems must be rejected for the simple reason that they all glorify man as an ultimate creature. Only in the praise of non-being, and in the thorough denial of life, argues Ciroan, man's existence becomes bearable. The great advantage of Cioran is, as he says, is that &quot;I live only because it is in my power to die whenever I want; without the&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;idea&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of suicide I would have killed myself long time ago.&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn4&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn4ret&quot; id=&quot;fn4ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;These words testify to Cioran's alienation from the philosophy of Sisyphus, as well as his disapproval of the moral pathos of the dung-infested Job. Hardly any biblical or modern democratic character would be willing to contemplate in a similar manner the possibility of breaking away from the cycle of time. As Cioran says, the paramount sense of beatitude is achievable only when man realizes that he can at any time terminate his life; only at that moment will this mean a new &quot;temptation to exist.&quot; In other words, it could be said that Cioran draws his life force from the constant flow of the images of salutary death, thereby rendering irrelevant all attempts of any ethical or political commitment. Man should, for a change, argues Cioran, attempt to function as some form of saprophytic bacteria; or better yet as some amoebae from Paleozoic era. Such primeval forms of existence can endure the terror of being and time more easily. In a protoplasm, or lower species, there is more beauty then in all philosophies of life. And to reiterate this point, Cioran adds: &quot;Oh, how I would like to be a plant, even if I would have to attend to someone's excrement!&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn5&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn5ret&quot; id=&quot;fn5ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Perhaps Cioran could be depicted as a trouble maker, or as the French call it a &quot;trouble fête&quot;, whose suicidal aphorisms offend bourgeois society, but whose words also shock modern socialist day-dreamers. In view of his acceptance of the idea of death, as well as his rejection of all political doctrines, it is no wonder that Cioran no longer feels bound to egoistical love of life. Hence, there is no reason for him to ponder over the strategy of living; one should rather start thinking about the methodology of dying, or better yet how never to be born. &quot;Mankind has regressed so much,&quot; writes Cioran, and &quot;nothing proves it better than the impossibility to encounter a single nation or a tribe in which a birth of a child causes mourning and lamentation.&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn6&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn6ret&quot; id=&quot;fn6ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; Where are those sacred times, inquires Cioran, when Balkan Bogumils and France's Cathares saw in child's birth a divine punishment? Today's generations, instead of rejoicing when their loved ones are about to die, are stunned with horror and disbelief at the vision of death. Instead of wailing and grieving when their offsprings are about to be born, they organize mass festivities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;If attachment is an evil, the cause of this evil must be sought in the scandal of birth--because to be born means to be attached. The purpose of someone's detachment should be the effacement of all traces of this scandal--the ominous and the least tolerable of all scandals.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn7&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn7ret&quot; id=&quot;fn7ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Cioran's philosophy bears a strong imprint of Friedrich Nietzsche and Indian Upanishads. Although his inveterate pessimism often recalls Nietzsche's &quot;Weltschmerz,&quot; his classical language and rigid syntax rarely tolerates romantic or lyrical narrative, nor the sentimental outbursts that one often finds in Nietzsche's prose. Instead of resorting to thundering gloom, Cioran's paradoxical humor expresses something which in the first place should have never been verbally construed. The weakness of Cioran prose lies probably in his lack of thematic organization. At time his aphorisms read as broken-off scores of a well-designed musical master piece, and sometimes his language is so hermetic that the reader is left to grope for meaning.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;When one reads Cioran's prose the reader is confronted by an author who imposes a climate of cold apocalypse that thoroughly contradicts the heritage of progress. Real joy lies in non-being, says Cioran, that is, in the conviction that each willful act of creation perpetuates cosmic chaos. There is no purpose in endless deliberations about higher meaning of life. The entire history, be it the recorded history or mythical history, is replete with the cacophony of theological and ideological tautologies. Everything is &quot;éternel retour,&quot; a historical carousel, with those who are today on top, ending tomorrow at the bottom.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;I cannot excuse myself for being born. It is as if, when insinuating myself in this world, I profaned some mystery, betrayed some very important engagement, made a mistake of indescribable gravity.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn8&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn8ret&quot; id=&quot;fn8ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;This does not mean that Cioran is completely insulated from physical and mental torments. Aware of the possible cosmic disaster, and neurotically persuaded that some other predator may at any time deprive him of his well-planned privilege to die, he relentlessly evokes the set of death bed pictures. Is this not a truly aristocratic method to alleviate the impossibility of being?:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;In order to vanquish dread or tenacious anxiety, there is nothing better than to imagine one's own funeral: efficient method, accessible to all. In order to avoid resorting to it during the day, the best is to indulge in its virtues right after getting up. Or perhaps make use of it on special occasions, similar to Pope Innocent IX who ordered the picture of himself painted on his death-bed. He would cast a glance at his picture every time he had to reach an important decision...&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn9&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn9ret&quot; id=&quot;fn9ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;At first, one may be tempted to say that Cioran is fond of wallowing in his neuroses and morbid ideas, as if they could be used to inspire his literary creativity. So exhilarating does he find his distaste for life that he suggests that, &quot;he who succeeds in acquiring them has a future which makes everything prosper; success as well as defeat.&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn10&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn10ret&quot; id=&quot;fn10ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Such frank description of his emotional spasms makes him confess that success for him is as difficult to bear as much as a failure. One and the other cause him headache.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;The feeling of sublime futility with regard to everything that life entails goes hand in hand with Cioran's pessimistic attitude towards the rise and fall of states and empires. His vision of the circulation of historical time recalls Vico's&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;corsi e ricorsi&lt;/span&gt;, and his cynicism about human nature draws on Spengler's &quot;biology&quot; of history. Everything is a merry-go-round, and each system is doomed to perish the moment it makes its entrance onto the historical scene. One can detect in Cioran's gloomy prophecies the forebodings of the Roman stoic and emperor Marcus Aurelius, who heard in the distance of the Noricum the gallop of the barbarian horses, and who discerned through the haze of Panonia the pending ruin of the Roman empire. Although today the actors are different, the setting remains similar; millions of new barbarians have begun to pound at the gates of Europe, and will soon take possession of what lies inside:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Regardless of what the world will look like in the future, Westerners will assume the role of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Graeculi&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of the Roman empire. Needed and despised by new conquerors, they will not have anything to offer except the jugglery of their intelligence, or the glitter of their past.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn11&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn11ret&quot; id=&quot;fn11ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Now is the time for the opulent Europe to pack up and leave, and cede the historical scene to other more virile peoples. Civilization becomes decadent when it takes freedom for granted; its disaster is imminent when it becomes too tolerant of every uncouth outsider. Yet, despite the fact that political tornados are lurking on the horizon, Cioran, like Marcus Aurelius, is determined to die with style. His sense of the tragic has taught him the strategy of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;ars moriend&lt;/span&gt;i, making him well prepared for all surprises, irrespective of their magnitude. Victors and victims, heroes and henchmen, do they not all take turns in this carnival of history, bemoaning and bewailing their fate while at the bottom, while taking revenge when on top? Two thousand years of Greco-Christian history is a mere trifle in comparison to eternity. One caricatural civilization is now taking shape, writes Cioran, in which those who are creating it are helping those wishing to destroy it. History has no meaning, and therefore, attempting to render it meaningful, or expecting from it a final burst of theophany, is a self-defeating chimera. For Cioran, there is more truth in occult sciences than in all philosophies that attempt to give meaning to life. Man will finally become free when he takes off the straitjacket of finalism and determinism, and when he realizes that life is an accidental mistake that sprang up from one bewildering astral circumstance. Proof? A little twist of the head clearly shows that &quot;history, in fact, boils down to the classification of the police: &quot;After all, does not the historian deal with the image which people have about the policeman throughout epochs ?&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn12&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn12ret&quot; id=&quot;fn12ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;To succeed in mobilizing masses in the name of some obscure ideas, to enable them to sniff blood, is a certain avenue to political success. Had not the same masses which carried on their shouldered the French revolution in the name of equality and fraternity, several years later also brought on their shoulders an emperor with new clothes--an emperor on whose behalf they ran barefoot from Paris to Moscow, from Jena to Dubrovnik? For Cioran, when a society runs out of political utopia there is no more hope, and consequently there cannot be any more life. Without utopia, writes Cioran, people would be forced to commit suicide; thanks to utopia they commit homicides.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Today there are no more utopias in stock. Mass democracy has taken their place. Without democracy life makes little sense; yet democracy has no life of its own. After all, argues Cioran, had it not been for a young lunatic from the Galilee, the world would be today a very boring place. Alas, how many such lunatics are hatching today their self-styled theological and ideological derivatives! &quot;Society is badly organized, writes Cioran, &quot;it does nothing against lunatics who die so young.&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn13&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn13ret&quot; id=&quot;fn13ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Probably all prophets and political soothsayers should immediately be put to death, &quot;because when the mob accepts a myth--get ready for massacres or better yet for a new religion.&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn14&quot;&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn14ret&quot; id=&quot;fn14ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Unmistakable as Cioran's resentments against utopia may appear, he is far from deriding its creative importance. Nothing could be more loathsome to him than the vague cliche of modernity that associates the quest for happiness with a peaceful pleasure-seeking society. Demystified, disenchanted, castrated, and unable to weather the upcoming storm, modern society is doomed to spiritual exhaustion and slow death. It is incapable of believing in anything except in the purported humanity of its future blood-suckers. If a society truly wishes to preserve its biological well-being, argues Cioran, its paramount task is to harness and nurture its &quot;substantial calamity;&quot; it must keep a tally of its own capacity for destruction. After all, have not his native Balkans, in which secular vampires are today again dancing to the tune of butchery, also generated a pool of sturdy specimen ready for tomorrow's cataclysms? In this area of Europe, which is endlessly marred by political tremors and real earthquakes, a new history is today in the making--a history which will probably reward its populace for the past suffering.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Whatever their past was, and irrespective of their civilization, these countries possess a biological stock which one cannot find in the West. Maltreated, disinherited, precipitated in the anonymous martyrdom, torn apart between wretchedness and sedition, they will perhaps know in the future a reward for so many ordeals, so much humiliation and for so much cowardice.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn15&quot;&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn15ret&quot; id=&quot;fn15ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Is this not the best portrayal of that anonymous &quot;eastern&quot; Europe which according to Cioran is ready today to speed up the world history? The death of communism in Eastern Europe might probably inaugurate the return of history for all of Europe. Conversely, the &quot;better half&quot; of Europe, the one that wallows in air-conditioned and aseptic salons, that Europe is depleted of robust ideas. It is incapable of hating and suffering, and therefore of leading. For Cioran, society becomes consolidated in danger and it atrophies in peace: &quot;In those places where peace, hygiene and leisure ravage, psychoses also multiply... I come from a country which, while never learning to know the meaning of happiness, has also never produced a single psychoanalyst.&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn16&quot;&gt;[16]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn16ret&quot; id=&quot;fn16ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;The raw manners of new east European cannibals, not &quot;peace and love&quot; will determine the course of tomorrow's history. Those who have passed through hell are more likely to outlive those who have only known the cozy climate of a secular paradise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;These words of Cioran are aimed at the decadent&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;France la Doulce&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in which afternoon chats about someone's obesity or sexual impotence have become major preoccupations on the hit-parade of daily concerns. Unable to put up resistance against tomorrow's conquerors, this western Europe, according to Cioran, deserves to be punished in the same manner as the noblesse of the&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;ancien régime&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;which, on the eve of the French Revolution, laughed at its own image, while praising the image of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;bon sauvage&lt;/span&gt;. How many among those good-natured French aristocrats were aware that the same&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;bon sauvage&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;was about to roll their heads down the streets of Paris? &quot;In the future, writes Cioran, &quot;if mankind is to start all over again, it will be with the outcasts, with the mongols from all parts, with the dregs of the continents..&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn17&quot;&gt;[17]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn17ret&quot; id=&quot;fn17ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; Europe is hiding in its own imbecility in front of an approaching catastrophe. Europe? &quot;The rots that smell nice, a perfumed corpse.&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn18&quot;&gt;[18]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn18ret&quot; id=&quot;fn18ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Despite gathering storms Cioran is comforted by the notion that he at least is the last heir to the vanishing &quot;end of history.&quot; Tomorrow, when the real apocalypse begins, and as the dangers of titanic proportions take final shape on the horizon, then, even the word &quot;regret&quot; will disappear from our vocabulary. &quot;My vision of the future,&quot; continues Cioran is so clear, &quot;that if I had children I would strangle them immediately.&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn19&quot;&gt;[19]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn19ret&quot; id=&quot;fn19ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;*~*~*~*~*~*~*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;After a good reading of Cioran's opus one must conclude that Cioran is essentially a satirist who ridicules the stupid existential shiver of modern masses. One may be tempted to argue that Cioran offers aan elegant&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;vade-mecum&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;for suicide designed for those, who like him, have thoroughly delegitimized the value of life. But as Cioran says, suicide is committed by those who are no longer capable of acting out optimism, e.g. those whose thread of joy and happiness breaks into pieces. Those like him, the cautious pessimists, &quot;given that they have no reason to live, why would they have a reason to die?&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn20&quot;&gt;[20]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn20ret&quot; id=&quot;fn20ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;The striking ambivalence of Cioran's literary work consists of the apocalyptic forebodings on the one hand, and enthusiastic evocations of horrors on the other. He believes that violence and destruction are the main ingredients of history, because the world without violence is bound to collapse. Yet, one wonders why is Cioran so opposed to the world of peace if, according to his logic, this peaceful world could help accelerate his own much craved demise, and thus facilitate his immersion into nothingness? Of course, Cioran never moralizes about the necessity of violence; rather, in accordance with the canons of his beloved reactionary predecessors Josephe de Maistre and Nicolo Machiavelli, he asserts that &quot;authority, not verity, makes the law,&quot; and that consequently, the credibility of a political lie will also determine the magnitude of political justice. Granted that this is correct, how does he explain the fact that authority, at least the way he sees it, only perpetuates this odious being from which he so dearly wishes to absolve himself? This mystery will never be known other than to him. Cioran admits however, that despite his abhorrence of violence, every man, including himself is an integral part of it, and that every man has at least once in his life contemplated how to roast somebody alive, or how to chop off someone's head:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Convinced that troubles in our society come from old people, I conceived the plan of liquidating all citizens past their forties--the beginning of sclerosis and mummification. I came to believe that this was the turning point when each human becomes an insult to his nation and a burden to his community... Those who listened to this did not appreciate this discourse and they considered me a cannibal... Must this intent of mine be condemned? It only expresses something which each man, who is attached to his country desires in the bottom of his heart: liquidation of one half of his compatriots.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn21&quot;&gt;[21]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn21ret&quot; id=&quot;fn21ret&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Cioran's literary elitism is unparalleled in modern literature, and for that reason he often appears as a nuisance for modern and sentimental ears poised for the lullaby words of eternal earthly or spiritual bliss. Cioran's hatred of the present and the future, his disrespect for life, will certainly continue to antagonize the apostles of modernity who never tire of chanting vague promises about the &quot;better here-and-now.&quot; His paradoxical humor is so devastating that one cannot take it at face value, especially when Cioran describes his own self. His formalism in language, his impeccable choice of words, despite some similarities with modern authors of the same elitist caliber, make him sometimes difficult to follow. One wonders whether Cioran's arsenal of words such as &quot;abulia,&quot; &quot;schizophrenia,&quot; &quot;apathy,&quot; etc., truly depict a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;nevrosé&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;which he claims to be.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;If one could reduce the portrayal of Cioran to one short paragraph, then one must depict him as an author who sees in the modern veneration of the intellect a blueprint for spiritual gulags and the uglification of the world. Indeed, for Cioran, man's task is to wash himself in the school of existential futility, for futility is not hopelessness; futility is a reward for those wishing to rid themselves of the epidemic of life and the virus of hope. Probably, this picture best befits the man who describes himself as a fanatic without any convictions--a stranded accident in the cosmos who casts nostalgic looks towards his quick disappearance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;To be free is to rid oneself forever from the notion of reward; to expect nothing from people or gods; to renounce not only this world and all worlds, but salvation itself; to break up even the idea of this chain among chains. (&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Le mauvais demiurge&lt;/span&gt;, p. 88.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;Notes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn1&quot; id=&quot;fn1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Emile Cioran,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070324494/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;Syllogismes de l'amertume&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Paris: Gallimard, 1952), p. 72 (my translation)&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn1ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn2&quot; id=&quot;fn2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070721582/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;De l'inconvénient d'être né&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Paris: Gallimard, 1973), p. 161-162. (my translation) (&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;The Trouble with Being Born&lt;/span&gt;, translated by Richard Howard: Seaver Bks., 1981)&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn2ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn3&quot; id=&quot;fn3&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Cioran,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070704513/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;Le mauvais démiurge&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;( Paris: Gallimard, 1969), p. 63. (my translation)&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn3ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn4&quot; id=&quot;fn4&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070324494/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;Syllogismes de l'amertume&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, p. 87. (my trans.)&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn4ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn5&quot; id=&quot;fn5&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ibid., p. 176.&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn5ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn6&quot; id=&quot;fn6&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070721582/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;De l'inconvénient d'être né&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, p. 11. (my trans.)&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn6ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn7&quot; id=&quot;fn7&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ibid., p. 29.&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn7ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn8&quot; id=&quot;fn8&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ibid., p. 23.&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn8ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn9&quot; id=&quot;fn9&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ibid., p. 141.&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn9ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn10&quot; id=&quot;fn10&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070324494/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;Syllogismes de l'amertume&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, p. 61. (my trans.)&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn10ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn11&quot; id=&quot;fn11&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070704513/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;La tentation d'exister&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, (Paris: Gallimard, 1956), p. 37-38. (my trans.) (&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;The temptation to exist&lt;/span&gt;, translated by Richard Howard; Seaver Bks., 1986)&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn11ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn12&quot; id=&quot;fn12&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070324494/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;Syllogismes de l'amertume&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, p. 151. (my trans.)&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn12ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn13&quot; id=&quot;fn13&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ibid., p. 156.&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn13ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn14&quot; id=&quot;fn14&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ibid., p. 158.&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn14ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn15&quot; id=&quot;fn15&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070324079/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;Histoire et utopie&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Paris: Gallimard, 1960), p. 59. (my trans.) (&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;History and Utopia&lt;/span&gt;, trans. by Richard Howard, Seaver Bks., 1987).&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn15ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn16&quot; id=&quot;fn16&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Syllogismes de l'amertume&lt;/span&gt;, p. 154. (my trans.)&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn16ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn17&quot; id=&quot;fn17&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ibid., p. 86.&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn17ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn18&quot; id=&quot;fn18&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070721582/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;De l'inconvénient d'être né&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, p. 154. (my trans.)&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn18ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn19&quot; id=&quot;fn19&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ibid. p. 155.&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn19ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn20&quot; id=&quot;fn20&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070324494/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;Syllogismes de l'amertume&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, p. 109.&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn20ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;[&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;fn21&quot; id=&quot;fn21&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2070324079/mediamonitnet-21&quot;&gt;&quot;Histoire et utopie&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Paris: Gallimard, 1960), p. 14. (my trans.)&lt;span lang=&quot;en-us&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en-us&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediamonitors.net/tomislavsunic3.html#fn21ret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;return to text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; 
        </content>
    </entry>
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