Last posts on ambedkar2024-03-29T07:23:05+01:00All Rights Reserved blogSpirithttps://www.hautetfort.com/https://www.hautetfort.com/explore/posts/tag/ambedkar/atom.xmlIndianSamouraihttp://www.indiandacoit.com/about.htmlWhy in India there is a caste system?tag:www.indiandacoit.com,2013-10-22:51831752013-10-22T08:00:00+02:002013-10-22T08:00:00+02:00 After 7 years in India, I obviously wrote quite a bit on the subject (see...
<p><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">After 7 years in India, I obviously wrote quite a bit on the subject (see below). I have sometimes been revolted against this system. I have accepted it. Ignored it. Forgotten it. </span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">It is not so much this system – let us be realistic, every society is divided in social classes – but its rigidity that disturbs so much… Your caste (which you are born in) defines what you will do, eat, marry etc.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I have never really searched where this system comes from… </span></span> <a href="http://www.indiandacoit.com/media/02/02/4072276885.jpg" target="_blank"><img id="media-4266408" style="float: right; margin: 0.2em 0 1.4em 0.7em;" title="" src="http://www.indiandacoit.com/media/02/02/3985109745.jpg" alt="india,cast,caste,castes,cast system,religion,society,census,lower castes,outcasts,pink sari gang,backward,marc boulet,casteism,hinduism,sattva,rajas,tamas,aryans" /></a></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">According to ancient Hindu books, human society was created from a body: the Brahmins would come from the head, the Kshatriyas from the hand, the Vaishias from the thighs and the Sudras from the feet. In some versions, the original body would be of a primeval giant, Purusha, sacrificed by the gods to create a human society; in others it would be Brahma.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">All animated and inanimated things are believed to possess three qualities, in different proportions: Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. Brahmins would be loaded with Sattva qualities (which include wisdom, intelligence, honesty, goodness and other positive qualities); Kshatriyas and Vaishias with Rajas qualities (passion, pride, valour and other passionate qualities); Sudras with Tamas qualities (dullness, stupidity, lack of creativity and other negative qualities). Hence the different occupations that each people would occupy. And the different diets and different dosages of food they would need to develop their inherent qualities. For instance meat is considered Tamasic food but also Rajasic.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">It seems likely to me that these two explanations were developed to support a system with social-historic roots. Which brings us back somewhere around 2000 years BC when the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley started to decline and the Aryans (Indo-European speakers from Central Asia), a group of warrior nomads began to migrate. There is no agreement between scholars whether “the Aryans and Harappans mixed together and became peaceful, or the Aryans came in as a conquering people, became the ruling class, and instituted the caste system to maintain control”.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">However, and this is my personal observation, the stratification of the society in India is clearly linked to the skin colour. The fairer the higher in caste, the smarter, the richer, the more beautiful. At least it is perceived like this. And it’s no new thing. One should see how a baby can stare at a white person. And I have met very few Indians who don’t have, somewhere, an inferiority – totally unjustified and difficult to understand for me – complex toward white skinned. And I don’t think it can only be the result of the British colonisation… Just read old Hindu religious stories: “there are many wars between the good Aryans and the dark skinned demons and devils”.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Somehow the organisation of the Aryans in three groups (the Rajayana which became the Kshatrias (warriors), the Brahmins (priests) and the Vaisias (farmers and craftsmen) , which is pretty logical and easy to adopt, spread on to the local society. Later on, “communities who professed non-polluting jobs were integrated in Sudra Varna and communities who professed polluting professions were made outcasts”.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.indiandacoit.com/media/00/01/4049304994.jpg" target="_blank"><img id="media-4266416" style="float: left; margin: 0.2em 1.4em 0.7em 0;" title="" src="http://www.indiandacoit.com/media/00/01/3965400209.jpg" alt="india,cast,caste,castes,cast system,religion,society,census,lower castes,outcasts,pink sari gang,backward,marc boulet,casteism,hinduism,sattva,rajas,tamas,aryans,fair,skin complexion,white" /></a>So it was convenient for the rules to keep the system that way – as it would be for any ruler in any society. Rules were strict and abided by. Religion (as Hinduism is mostly a canvas of superstitions) was also used to keep everyone on the right track in fear of retaliation. And what makes India different from other countries is that people don’t really rebel against the order of things, and neither does religion decline. They do at times – see how the Untouchable Ambedkar encouraged Hindus to convert to Buddhism in reaction to the caste system, and how such conversions of dalits still happen nowadays, for instance for the 50<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the leaders’s death* – but fundamentally the society remains the same… </span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em></strong> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Is the caste system still present and visible in cities?</span></span></em></strong> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Either it doesn’t really prevails in my world (personal and professional), either it is too subtle for me – at the same time I don’t really dig”.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">However read my story of the fat superior Indian giving a lesson to a waiter: </span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="http://www.indiandacoit.com/archive/2013/04/24/about-casts-and-inequalities-in-india-illustration.html"><span style="color: #0000bf; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #0000BF; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">http://www.indiandacoit.com/archive/2013/04/24/about-casts-and-inequalities-in-india-illustration.html</span></span></a></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">(24/04/2013)</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em></strong> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Do Indian people rebel against this system?</span></span></em></strong> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“In the countryside, the caste system prevails.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Read the story of Sampat Pal, a shepherdess who, with her Pink Sari gang, rebelled against the injustices inflicted to lower castes by higher castes or to women by men, against corruption and stealing of subsidised food, lands, jobs which the Government reserves for the poorest.”</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><a href="http://www.indiandacoit.com/archive/2013/04/18/about-casts-and-inequalities-in-india-the-pink-sari-gang.html"><span style="color: #0000bf; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #0000BF; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">http://www.indiandacoit.com/archive/2013/04/18/about-casts-and-inequalities-in-india-the-pink-sari-gang.html</span></span></a></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">(20/04/2013)</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em></strong> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The issue of castes and quotas in today’s society</span></span></em></strong> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“The Indian Constitution prohibits discrimination based on caste.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-styl
IndianSamouraihttp://www.indiansamourai.com/about.htmlPourquoi en Inde il y a un système de castes ?tag:www.indiansamourai.com,2013-10-22:51831912013-10-22T08:00:00+02:002013-10-22T08:00:00+02:00 Après 7 ans en Inde, j'ai évidemment écrit un peu sur le sujet (voir...
<p><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Après 7 ans en Inde, j'ai évidemment écrit un peu sur le sujet (voir ci-dessous). J'ai parfois été révoltée contre ce système. Je l’ai aussi accepté. Ignoré. Oublié.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ce n’est pas tellement le système en lui-même qui dérange – soyons réalistes, chaque société est divisée en classes sociales – mais sa rigidité... Une caste (dans laquelle un Hindou né) définit sa profession, son régime alimentaire, sa femme etc.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Je n’ai jamais vraiment cherché d’où ce système venait... </span></span> <a href="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/01/01/4072276885.jpg" target="_blank"><img id="media-4266421" style="float: right; margin: 0.2em 0 1.4em 0.7em;" title="" src="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/01/01/3985109745.jpg" alt="inde,caste,ambedkar,castes,système de castes,religion,société,recensement,basses castes,hors-castes,intouchables,sari rose,arriéré,marc boulet,castéisme,hindouisme,sattva,rajas,tamas,aryens,couleur de peau,blanc" /></a></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Selon les anciens livres hindous, la société humaine aurait été créée à partir d'un corps : les Brahmanes seraient issus de la tête, les Kshatriyas de la main, la Vaishias des cuisses et les Sudras des pieds. Dans certaines versions, le corps d'origine serait celui d'un géant primitif, Purusha, sacrifié par les dieux pour créer la société humaine ; dans d'autres celui de Brahma.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Toute chose, animées et inanimée, est censée posséder trois qualités, dans des proportions différentes : Sattva, Rajas et Tamas. Les Brahmanes posséderaient les Sattvas (qui comprennent sagesse, intelligence, honnêteté, bonté et autres qualités positives) ; les Kshatriyas et Vaishias les Rajas (passion, fierté, bravoure et autres qualités passionnées) ; les Sudras avec les Tamas (insipidité, bêtise, manque de créativité et autres qualités négatives). Et des qualités que chacun possède découle sa profession. Et son régime alimentaire, adapté au développement de ses qualités intrinsèques. Par exemple la viande est considérée comme un aliment tamasique mais aussi rajasique.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Il me semble probable que ces deux explications ont été développées pour intégrer un système hérité d’une situation socio-historique. Ce qui nous ramène quelque part vers 2000 ans avant JC lorsque la civilisation harappéenne de la vallée de l'Indus commence à décliner et qu’un groupe de guerriers nomades, les Aryens (peuple d’Asie centrale qui parlaient l’Indo-européen), commence à émigrer. Les scientifiques ne sont pas d’accord et donc on ne sait pas si les Aryens et les Harappéens auraient cohabités et se seraient mélangés de manière paisible, ou si les Aryens auraient débarqués en conquérants et seraient devenus la classe dirigeante et auraient mis en place le système des castes pour garder le contrôle.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Toutefois et c'est mon observation personnelle, la stratification de la société en Inde est clairement liée à la couleur de la peau. Plus t’es blanc<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>et plus ta caste est élevée, plus t’es intelligent, plus t’es riche, plus t’es beau. Ou en tout cas tu es perçu comme tel.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Et tout ceci ne date pas d’hier. Ni même de la colonisation britannique. Y a qu’à voir comment un bébé regarde un blanc. Et j'ai rencontré très peu d'Indiens qui n'ont pas, quelque part au fond, un complexe d'infériorité – totalement injustifié et difficile à comprendre pour moi – envers un Blanc. Il suffit de les anciens écrits religieux hindous blindés de « guerres entre les bons (et blancs) Aryens et les noirs démons ».</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Quoi qu’il en soit, il semble que l'organisation des Aryens en trois groupes (les Rajayana devenus les Kshatrias (guerriers), les brahmanes (prêtres) et les Vaisias (agriculteurs et artisans), plutôt logique et facile à adopter, ait été intégrée par les populations indigènes. Plus tard, « les communautés qui occupaient des emplois « non polluants » ont été intégrées aux Sudras et les communautés qui avaient des professions « polluantes » sont devenues des parias ou hors-castes ».</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/01/02/4049304994.jpg" target="_blank"><img id="media-4266424" style="float: left; margin: 0.2em 1.4em 0.7em 0;" title="" src="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/01/02/3965400209.jpg" alt="inde,caste,ambedkar,castes,système de castes,religion,société,recensement,basses castes,hors-castes,intouchables,sari rose,arriéré,marc boulet,castéisme,hindouisme,sattva,rajas,tamas,aryens,couleur de peau,blanc" /></a>Ce système était pratique pour les dirigeants – comme il le serait dans n’importe quelle société. Les règles étaient strictes et suivies à la lettre. La religion (l'Hindouisme étant principalement un ensemble de superstitions) a également été utilisée pour maintenir le peuple « sur la bonne voie », dans la crainte de représailles. Et ce qui différencie les Indiens c’est que ce n’est tout simplement pas dans leur nature de se rebeller contre l'ordre établi. Ca arrive parfois – c’est ainsi que l'intouchable Ambedkar a encouragé les Hindous à se convertir au bouddhisme en réaction au système de distribution et que ces conversions d’intouchables arrivent encore de nos jours, par exemple pour le 50<sup>ème</sup> anniversaire de la mort du dirigeant* – mais fondamentalement la société reste la même... </span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong><em><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR">Le système de castes est-il toujours présent et visible dans les villes ?</span></em></strong></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR">« </span><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">Soit ça ne l’est pas dans mon univers (personnel et professionnel) soit c’est trop subtil pour moi – en même temps je ne cherche pas trop à approfondir. »</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Anecdote du gros Indien imbu de sa supériorité qui donna une leçon à un serveur : </span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><a href="http://www.indiansamourai.com/archive/2013/04/24/serie-sur-les-castes-et-inegalites-en-inde-illustration.html"><span style="color: #0000bf; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #0000BF; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">http://www.indiansamourai.com/archive/2013/04/24/serie-sur-les-castes-et-inegalites-en-inde-illustration.html</span></span></a></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">24/04/2013</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em></strong> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les Indiens se rebellent-il contre ce système ?</span></span></em></strong> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">« Dans les campagnes, le système de caste est très présent.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR">Lisez l'histoire de Sampat Pal, une bergère qui, avec son gang des Saris Roses, </span><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">s’est rebellée contre les injustices infligées aux castes inférieures par les castes supérieures ou aux femmes par les hommes, contre la corruption et le détournement de denrées, de terrains, de jobs que le gouvernement réserve aux plus pauvres. </span><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;" lang="FR">»</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #17375e; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #17375E; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; 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IndianSamouraihttp://www.indiansamourai.com/about.htmlSérie sur les castes et inégalités en Inde - Illustrationtag:www.indiansamourai.com,2013-04-24:50485272013-04-24T08:00:00+02:002013-04-24T08:00:00+02:00 Pour continuer sur le sujet de l’intouchabilité et des castes, on me pose...
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Pour continuer sur le sujet de l’intouchabilité et des castes, on me pose souvent la question de savoir si c’est toujours d’actualité et si c’est visible. Et je réponds que soit ça ne l’est pas dans mon univers (personnel et professionnel) soit c’est trop subtil pour moi – en même temps je ne cherche pas trop à approfondir vu que c’est quand même un système que je trouve assez abominable.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Mais voilà ce dont j’ai été témoin la semaine dernière.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Je déjeunais avec un Indien, excellent vendeur et manager dans une entreprise internationale, parlant couramment anglais. 35 ans, 1m60, 90 kilos, le mec qui en impose. Plutôt silencieux, il inspire le respect par son allure plus que par ce qu’il dit (parce que quand il l’ouvre c’est souvent pour dire de la merde). </span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Un type sympa mais complètement dépourvu d’humilité (c’est bien simple il n’avait jamais entendu le mot « humble » jusqu’à ce que je lui fasse un feedback).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">J’étais donc au restaurant (une gargote locale) avec Monsieur Moi-Je et il venait de commander un coca. Le serveur apporte la canette et se met sur le côté. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Mon Indien lui fait signe d’approcher et avec un sourire plein d’empathie lui demande si il est fatigue. Alors là je suis scotchée : c’est pas du tout son genre de se préoccuper de la sante des autres (quels qu’ ils soient) !! Je me dis « comme quoi tout est possible »…</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Le serveur répond qu’il va bien. Et mon acolyte lui montre sa canette et lui dit « ben alors ?? ». Le malheureux ne lui avait pas décapsulé son coca…</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">La morale de cette histoire c’est que du fait du castéisme il y a une vraie rigueur dans le partage des taches. Il y a un type pour laver le linge, un autre pour le repasser, un autre pour le ranger etc. etc.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Fin</span></span></em></p>
IndianSamouraihttp://www.indiansamourai.com/about.htmlSérie sur les castes et les inégalités en Inde - Les grandes lignestag:www.indiansamourai.com,2013-04-22:50485212013-04-22T08:00:00+02:002013-04-22T08:00:00+02:00 Le système des castes en Inde est millénaire. Hyper compliqué mais...
<p><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Le système des castes en Inde est millénaire. Hyper compliqué mais également assez simple dans les grandes lignes. Il s’agit d’une organisation de la société comme une autre à ceci près qu’elle est complètement rigide et bourrée de codes et de règles.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Il existe 4 <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">varnas</em> ou « familles » de castes (la plus connue étant la caste supérieure, celle des « brahmanes ») et les « hors-castes » connus comme « intouchables » et aujourd’hui appelés « scheduled class ». Les varnas, qui représentent 4 parties du corps du dieu Brahma (voir schéma), sont divisés en milliers de castes, appelées <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">jatis</em>, qui ont chacune un rôle (on pourrait dire un métier) bien particulier.</span></span> </p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/00/00/1456117532.jpg" target="_blank"><img id="media-4065335" style="margin: 0.7em 0;" title="" src="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/00/00/2550826181.jpg" alt="Inde,castes,caste,système de caste,intouchabilité,intouchables,pariahs,gang des saris roses,sampat pal,Ambedkar,inégalités,pauvreté,discrimination" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">L’Hindou naît dans une caste, en partage les habitudes culinaires, s’y marie et y meurt en espérant renaître dans une caste supérieure. Et on ne se mélange pas. Chacun à sa place et les moutons seront bien gardés comme on dit…</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">La Constitution indienne interdit toute discrimination liée à la caste.</span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ceci-dit il n’appartient pas au gouvernement d’abolir un tel système vu que c’est lié à la religion. D’ailleurs, le dernier recensement (2011) incluait une question (optionnelle) liée à la caste.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Le castéisme est un pilier de l’hindouisme : « l’accomplissement de son devoir personnel de caste – et non d’un devoir universel – et le système de réincarnation dans une caste plus ou moins élevée en récompense de vos actions bonnes et mauvaises constituent les deux piliers fondamentaux de cette religion en attendant la délivrance finale et le paradis. »*). A tel point que le Dr Ambedkar a encouragé les Intouchables à se convertir au bouddhisme dans les années 50.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Pour lutter contre cette discrimination, l’Etat a mis en place des quotas d’accès à l’éducation, aux jobs de fonctionnaires, aux sièges politiques. Il y a même eu un président intouchable (K. R. Narayanan).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Le problème c’est qu’aujourd’hui tout est chamboulé et au final ces quotas favorisent des gens à cause de leur statut social (caste) mais pas de leur mérite ni de leur revenus. Et comme ils forment une majorité**, les politiciens ont du mal à changer ce système… </span></span> </p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/00/00/3544888605.jpg" target="_blank"><img id="media-4065337" style="margin: 0.7em 0;" title="" src="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/00/00/3822184269.jpg" alt="Inde,castes,caste,système de caste,intouchabilité,intouchables,pariahs,gang des saris roses,sampat pal,Ambedkar,inégalités,pauvreté,discrimination" /></a></p><p><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A la campagne, où vit encore 70% de la population, le système des castes est encore bien présent et bien rigide. </span></span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Comme dit Sampat Pal***, « l’Inde est un pays libre et indépendant depuis soixante ans : pourtant, les plus démunis ignorent toujours ce que c’est de vivre dans un pays indépendant. Les lois sont modernes, mais, du fait d’une administration gangrenée par la corruption, elles ne sont pas appliquées. En soixante ans, elles n’ont apporté ni justice sociale ni amélioration du niveau de vie pour les plus pauvres. Leur vie quotidienne n’a pas changé d’un iota. » Comme je ne vais pas trop à la campagne je ne peux pas trop commenter là-dessus mais on lit tous les jours des histoires de filles brûlées à l’acide pour avoir voulu se marier avec un homme d’une autre caste et autres joyeuses horreurs…</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Suite dans le prochain post…</span></span></em></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 8pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">* <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Dans la peau d’un intouchable</span>, Marc Boulet</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 8pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">** D’après le dernier recensement (source : </span><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 8pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;"><a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census"><span style="color: #1e1c11; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census</span></a></span><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 8pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">) les « intouchables » et les tribus représentent 30% de la population hindoue / 24% de la population indienne. Et si on ajoute les « pieds » (les « kshudras » ou basses castes) ça nous donne 54% de la population.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 8pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">*** <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Moi, Sampat Pal, chef de gang en sari rose</span>, Sampat Pal</span></p>
IndianSamouraihttp://www.indiansamourai.com/about.htmlSérie sur les castes et inégalités en Inde - Le gang des saris rosestag:www.indiansamourai.com,2013-04-20:50485152013-04-20T08:00:00+02:002013-04-20T08:00:00+02:00 C’est quand même marrant… Alors que je lis un livre qui a trait à la...
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">C’est quand même marrant… Alors que je lis un livre qui a trait à la pauvreté et les inégalités en Inde, mes collègues me posent des tonnes de questions sur l’intouchabilité et quand je rentre en Inde, je me retrouve embringuée dans une parade d’intouchables…</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/00/02/3928126989.jpg" target="_blank"><img id="media-4065329" style="margin: 0.7em 0;" title="" src="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/00/02/1098589956.jpg" alt="Ambedkar convoi.jpg" /></a></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Dans la rue, à Mumbai une voiture avec de la musique et un poster d'Ambedkar et de Bouddha (explication dans le prochain post!)</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tout d’abord le livre <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Moi, Sampat Pal, chef de gang en sari rose</span> de Sampat Pal et Anne Berthold (2008).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">C’est l’histoire incroyable d’une petite bergère qui a fait la moisson buissonnière pour <a href="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/02/02/4001621660.jpg" target="_blank"><img id="media-4065330" style="float: right; margin: 0.2em 0 1.4em 0.7em;" title="" src="http://www.indiansamourai.com/media/02/02/3338433675.jpg" alt="Moi, Sampat Pal, chef de gang en sari rose.jpg" /></a>aller à l’école à une époque où les filles n’avaient pas accès à l’éducation. Et puis la petite bergère au caractère bien trempé a commencé à apprendre à coudre et devenir autonome, et découvrir qu’on peut faire changer les choses – ce qui est loin d’être une évidence en Inde, notamment à cause du système des castes qui implique une acception sans condition de l’ordre des choses. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Elle s’est rebellée contre les injustices infligées aux castes inférieures par les castes supérieures ou aux femmes par les hommes, contre la corruption et le détournement de denrées, de terrains, de jobs que le gouvernement réserve aux plus pauvres.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">Surtout elle a réalisé que se battre à plusieurs est la seule manière de se faire entendre et elle a rassemblé des milliers de femmes : le gang du sari rose (leur site : <a href="http://www.gulabigang.in/" target="_blank">ici</a></span><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Une édifiante lecture !</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #1e1c11; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #1E1C11; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-ansi-language: FR;" lang="FR">Suite dans le prochain post…</span></em></p><p> </p>
IndianSamouraihttp://www.indiandacoit.com/about.htmlAnd you, what's your little name?tag:www.indiandacoit.com,2011-04-14:32033782011-04-14T10:24:03+02:002011-04-14T10:24:03+02:00 Today we celebrate in India Ambedkar’s birthday (you can google it ;...
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Today we celebrate in India Ambedkar’s birthday (you can google it ; to sum-up he was an untouchable who fought to suppress the cast system and finally converted to Buddhism when he understood it would not happen within Hinduism ; he later on participated to wirtting the Indian Constitution).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Talking about him to a colleague, I heard for the first time that “Ambedkar was a backward”. A what?? Translating in my language, it is just SO insulting!!</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Nice to imagine the father seeing his baby for the first time: “you will be a backward my son”…</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">But that’s not all, the backwards have other nice pet names!</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Actually, in India, there are the casts and the other (also called Lower castes).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Lower castes are divided in 3 :</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The « Scheduled Castes » (15% of the population) – the dictionary translates « Scheduled Castes » by «privileged <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">classes</strong> » (maybe it’s some kind of humour ??). They used to be the <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">untouchables</strong> – who call themselves « Dalit » (depressed) and were called by gandhians « Harijan » (children of God – and other people, there are children of whom, mind you?).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The « Scheduled Tribes » or « Adivasi » (which means <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">aboriginals</strong>): people living in the jungle.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The « <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Backward Classes » (50% of the population) </span>: « <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">This category includes in it castes who belong to Sudra Varna and also former untouchables who converted from Hinduism to other religions. This category also includes in it nomads and tribes who made a living from criminal acts. »</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sometimes these three categories are defined together as Backward Classes.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Today,” <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">untouchability or discriminating a person based on his caste is legally forbidden.”</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">No comment…</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Source : </span><a href="http://adaniel.tripod.com/modernindia.htm"><span style="font-family: Arial;">http://adaniel.tripod.com/modernindia.htm</span></a></span></p>
IndianSamouraihttp://www.indiansamourai.com/about.htmlC'est quoi ton petit nom mon frère??tag:www.indiansamourai.com,2011-04-14:32033652011-04-14T10:11:48+02:002011-04-14T10:11:48+02:00 Aujourd’hui c’est l’anniversaire d’Ambedkar (je vous laisse googler ;...
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Aujourd’hui c’est l’anniversaire d’Ambedkar (je vous laisse googler ; en gros, c’était un intouchable qui s’est battu pour la suppression du système des castes – et s’est d’ailleurs converti au bouddhisme puisque l’hindouisme ne pouvait pas changer – et a co-écrit la Consitution de l’Inde).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">En parlant de lui à un collègue l’autre jour, j’ai entendu pour la première fois qu’Ambedkar était un « backward » - littéralement, dans le dictionnaire (j’invente pas), un « arriéré ». Sympa, bravo la démocratie. Il y a donc en Inde les maçons, les paysans, les juges etc. et les arriérés.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Belle image du père qui se penche sur le berceau du nouveau-né : « tu seras un arriéré mon fils, comme ton père ».</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Mais attends, les <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">arriérés</strong> ont d’autres petits noms sympas !</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Alors en fait, pour faire simple. Il y a les castes, et les autres (ou Lower castes).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les Lower castes sont divisés en 3 :</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les « Scheduled Castes » (15% de la population) – le dico traduit « Scheduled Castes » par « <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">classes priviligiées</strong> » (c’est ptêt de l’humour ??). Ce sont anciennement les <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">intouchables</strong> – qui s’appellent eux-mêmes « Dalit » (depressed, <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">déprimés</strong>) et sont appelés par les gandhiens « Harijan » (children of God, <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">enfants de Dieu</strong> – bon et les autres c’est les enfants de qui steuplé ?).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les « Scheduled Tribes » ou « Adivasi » (qui veut dire <strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">aborigènes</strong>) : les gens qui vivent dans la jungle.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; color: navy; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Les « <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Backward Classes » (50% de la population) </span>: les « pieds du Boudha », les castes inférieures (dans le système des castes) et les intouchables qui se sont convertis à d’autres religions que l’hindouisme et les « dacoits », des brigands nomades.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Parfois « Backward Classes » englobe ces 3 classes.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Légalement, la discrimination envers les arriérés est interdite.<br />Ca se passe de commentaires…</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Source : </span><a href="http://adaniel.tripod.com/modernindia.htm"><span style="font-family: Arial;">http://adaniel.tripod.com/modernindia.htm</span></a></span></p>